Find a classroom accommodation for students who are at risk, another Research Paper

Find a classroom accommodation for students who are at risk, another for those with ADHD and 1 more for individuals who are Gifted and Talented - Research Paper Example They can keep track of their students’ learning with this attempt. An example of a classroom accommodation for an ADHD student is seating them close to the teacher and away from windows and doors. This is a valid accommodation because such students need their assistance and exceptional care of their teachers at all times, and; therefore, their educators should be there (Friend & Bursuck, 2006). An improvement that could be made is for instance letting the ADHD the student run an occasional errand for his/her educator. This can assist the hyperactive child burn off the unwanted energy. Finally, a common classroom accommodation for gifted or talented students is through grouping them together or with higher-level learners (Friend & Bursuck, 2006). However, I think that teachers should never group gifted learners with lower-level learners for remediation because, if so, then the student might start questioning his gift or talent. This classroom accommodation can be improved throu gh encouraging learners thoroughly to study concepts and support independent investigations or studies (Friend & Bursuck, 2006). From this research, I learned that many students have unique needs, and it is the work of the educator to travel around these needs and learn how the educationally deal with such

India of My Dreams Essay Example for Free

India of My Dreams Essay Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom With these words of Pandit Nehru, on 15th August at the stroke of the midnight hour India declared itself independent from the British rule. As the Union Jack was being brought down and the Indian tricolor flew up the hopes and aspiration of the Indian founding fathers were completed. Sixty years after the birth of this massive and diverse nation though there has been considerable progress, the overall picture of life in the country is depressing. With increasing prices and growing unemployment, the common man remains as poor as he had been. Though education has spread, its standard and quality have received a set back. Nor is the political scene very encouraging. While the working of democracy is not satisfactory, the forces of religion, provincialism and linguism pose a threat to the unity of the country. Our leaders lack the qualities of idealism, integrity and self sacrifice, which were abundantly in evidence during the days of the struggle for freedom. In this bleak situation, it is natural for the youth of the country to have a vision of a stronger India. In the same way I have a vision too – a fearless, strong, self reliant India. I visualize my country way ahead of other nations all round the globe in every aspect, whether its development in any field or showing its military might or being a fore-runner in technological advancement, skills and prosperity. I visualize India being a country that will provide equality of opportunity to one and all irrespective of caste, creed, and sex. A place that will provide optimum scope for development of latent skills of an individual and then to use it for the welfare of the nation. I strive for such a country wherein the poorest of the poor feel that this is his country in building which his voice has its due importance. I wish for a constitution, which will release India from all thraldom and patronage, and give her, if needed, the right to sin. I dream of a nation where nobody is illiterate and nobody sleeps hungry, where there is no distinction on the basis of genre, religion or caste, where justice to a common man is neither denied or deleted, where corruption in public life does not exist, where criminals do not occupy ministerial berths nor enter legislative assemblies, where merit counts in every sphere of life, where jobs cannot be purchased, where criminals have to spend the rest of their lives behind the bars and where the intellectuals like Amartya Sen do not have to leave the countrys shore for higher research and recognition. Today India is grappling with divided states, poverty, and population on the one hand and a mà ©lange of languages, traditions, festivals, religions, cultures which poses a problem but my vision for India is a country where the Kirtans from Gurudwaras, and Azan from Mosques, the Bhajans from Temples and chiming of the bells from churches merge and mingle and produce a harmonious, melodious, tune of humanity. I dream of a casteless and a perfect India of which all Indians can be truly proud of. My vision of India may sound like a dreamers agenda but the day every Indian citizen realizes his responsibility towards his country my vision would be reality. At last I would like to conclude with the words of Sir Rabindranath Tagore: WHERE the mind is without fear and the head is held high Where knowledge is free Where the world has not been broken up into fragments By narrow domestic walls Where words come out from the depth of truth Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection Where the mind is led forward by thee Into ever-widening thought and action Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.

Influences of Japanese Design on Western Architecture

Influences of Japanese Design on Western Architecture In what ways did the Traditional Architecture and Design of Japan Influence Western Architecture at the turn of the Twentieth Century? Japanese architecture was begun in 57 B.C. Before this time period the majority structures were pit dwellings. In early times Japans architecture was influenced by Korean architecture. The Korean historian have given evidence at time of 57 and 665 B.C in creating original buildings. At that time they built stones which includes Iksan and Miruka. Timber buildings were also made at that time. They were found in underground caves of Samschlich-ong, Yodongsonachong, and Yaksuri. The Japanese architecture tradition is based on the wooden structures of timber, for making Japan attractive they have used little stones for carving. The Japan in the fifth century was fully developed of wood. Architects have designed with gables, saddle roofs, styles and designs. Because the Islands of Japanese architecture are of volcainic origin. The best examples of Japanese architecture is the shrines of the Shinto . After every twenty years they rebuilt these shirnes , the most famous shrine is The Ise Shrine (55 x 127 yards) of the Shinto shrine. Its columns made up from cypress trees , four concentric fences, and the traditional thatched roof, it conveys the message of simplicity and purity. The styles of shrines shows both modern and domestic architecture , the Western architecture were fully influenced from Japanese Architecture. The history of architecture is interesting ,but the Tadao Ando designs forced to undergo Japanese architecture. The westerns has followed their way of structure. 1. WOODEN SINGLE STOREY STRUCTURE: The Japanese architecture is characterized from wooden single storey structure. The main lacking of this tradition is the cave dwellings and stone walls, the nation has not changed their traditional style . In the mid of sixth century ,the Buddhist architecture entered in Japan from China and Korea. The shrine architecture is regarded by the Buddhist architecture which represents the typical wooden single storey structure. The wooden structure is based on posts and beams, its structure from inside is dark that does not suits the human being, the Japanese architecture allows light and breeze, so that there outside area is opened. REFERENCE LIST: http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp http://iainmasterton.photoshelter.com CANTILEVER PRINCIPLE: According to the western techniques, material and the styles into Meiji Japan was based on steel and concrete structure. In modern sky scrapers, Japan played an important role because of its familiarity with the cantilever principle to support the heavy tiled temple roofs. Frank Lloyd Wright was fully influenced by Japanese arrangements ideas of interior and exterior spaces, the opening walls of Japan are made up from sliding doors. In the twentieth century the domestic and religious architecture was in Japenese style. The beauty of modern cities sky scrapers was crowded by Tokyos skyline and the total process reflects the western modern forms. After the world war two the urban planning and reconstruction has produced the major architects such as like Maekawa Kunio and Tange Kenzo. Maekawa, the first person who supported Maekawa concept was Charles LeCorbusier , who has full command on modern works.Tange also supported Maekawa and inspire them on Japanese aesthetic ideas into contemporary buildings and the concept of tatamai flooring (sleeping mats) and the textures they were using was brightening the existing ferroconcrete , steel , gardens , sculptures into designs. In a pillar and beam system Tanga has used the cantilever principle for awakening the ancient palaces, the pillar -a hallmark Was a foundation of Japanese historical tradition which is built on timber construction. New city planning was thought by Maki Fumihiko who gave suggestions on the principles of cocooning around an inner space(oku) ,the needs were adopted from urban side. He backed the ideas of Buddhist which is based on the Japanese aesthetic principle and also favored to use the empty spaces (ma). Japanese aesthetic principle was supposed to be based on the Maki designs, which puts attention towards the view of garden and on the sky lines. The architectural concept was changed in 1970 on the metabolism of exchange , they understand the functions of parts of buildings which strongly influenced them. In 1970s and 1980s, the architect Isozaki Arata was a student of Tanga but his theory was focused on LeCorbusier traditions , turned his attention towards the geometric shapes and cubic silhouettes. He formed western technology building to modernize Japan with new styles. In 1980s again a change came to influence their designs and extend it. In the end of 1970s and 1980s they introduced the metaphycisal concepts to reexamine the geometrical shapes to produce fancy architectural designs. They made experiments on Ando Tada style of structure and balanced to modern formula. The building provides a variety of things ehich includes light soruces , glass bricks and opening up of spaces to the outside air. The inner courtyards was adopted by traditional Osaka houses, the urban architecture uses open staircases,and bridges for good atmostphere and standard living. In 1980s his ideas were existing, the buildings were built on open courtyards with terrace spaces, pedestrian walking and built bridges to connect buildings. The third Architecture was awarded, Frances Prix de lAcadà ©mie dArchitecture in 1989 . Japanese architecture was liked by all over the world , because of its modern techniques and styles . Japanese architecture also introduced industrial materials, and a developed awareness of ecological and topographical problems. Tatamai Mats paper doors REFERENCE LIST: http://gojapan.about.com U.S. Library of Congress http://countrystudies.us/japan/82.htm HORIZONTAL AXIS: The large roofs of Japanese architecture is built on horizontal axis and its low profile of shows its presence. It is an achievement of japan that these types of roofs are also present in Asia. In Japan this trend is not because of its climate but ,because of its building structure. In the nineteenith century Japanese were living in single -storey , but when they saw that western are living in two -storey houses .They also started to live in two -storey houses and taller houses. The architects also turned towards facades. In the early twentieth century it was a wake up call for European countries to turned towards Japanese architecture which is based on horizontal axis . The tradition of European architecture was based on vertical axix through facades , but to modernize themselves they started to develop both vertical and horizontal axis. In twentieth century the most prominent architect Kenzo Tange (1913-2005), merged Japanese architecture and mordernism ,which was acceptable by all over the world . It was traditionally composed on the columns and beams for making paintings. Fumihiko Maki, Arata Isozaki, Kisho Kurokawa and Yoshio Taniguchi were the successor of building new designs on horizontal and vertical axis with modern Japanese architecture. At present time Toyo Ito and Tadao continues to take Japanese architecture in new directions. REFERENCE LIST: http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/ GARDENS: HISTORY: The definition of garden is where flowers , fruits and vegetables are cultivated but Japan is more forwarded. In 592 A.D during the reign of Empress Suiko, it is evident that the early gardens were very well developed comprises of artificial hills, ornamental pools and many more . In the Nara period (646-794 AD), the major development occured when japan started trading with China. Chinese changed the culture of Japan and execute the gardens in the elite class of Castles. The nobleman arrange their parties in these gardens where animals, birds and fishes provide movement. In the Heian period (794-1185 AD), the people who can afford gardens they built gardens with Japanese tradition, styles and customs. The Shinden garden is the mixture of Chinese and Japanese style, in ancient Chinese lore, the East was the source of purity and the West was the outlet of impurities. There was no change in kamkura period in Shinden garden, Buddhist priests Zen has created garden for meditation not for entertainment. The decoration of garden was fully favor the meditative qualities which includes: stones, water and evergreens, remaining constant throughout the year. There are few types of gardens which are given below: Flat gardens Tea gardens Hill gardens FLAT GARDENS: Flat gardens are built without hills and water and flat garden is also known as Hira-niwa, the garden is filled with pebbles, raked in circles , they also contains stones , trees , lanterns and many more. stones are symbols of islands. During the Edo period flat gardens are popular for their height. These types of gardens are also found in Buddhist temples. Modern flat gardens are having wells and lanternsfor the purification of gardens. These gardens are built on wood and have a system for passing water . Stones lanterns are working at night but they are not ornamental. The Western Japanese garden Daichi shown as a flat garden. 2. HILL GARDEN: Hill garden is also known as Tsukiyama-sansui which means water and hill .this garden is constructed on three dimensional shapes. These gardens are constructed on traditional and modern designs. Water is essential for hill gardens, they are made on two large stones for the appearance of distance. They are colourful because of its bushes and trees.Japanese hill gardens are the symbol of islands. These islands are built on stones and rocks and plants grow at its top. The designer has built a bridge on the island so they can worship on these objects. According to the philosophical point of view this garden have the essence of nature. The Katsura garden exhibits some characteristics of a hill garden. 3. TEA GARDEN: Tea garden plays an important role in performing tea ceremony, this ceremony is continuing for many years. Tea garden has two parts : the soto-roji (outer garden) and the uchi-roji, (inner garden). The outer garden consists of waiting area where guests waits, and the inner garden where tea is served to guest. Tea garden is built same as hill garden. The tea garden contains wash basin , resting place for the guests who attends the tea ceremony. The outer portion of garden is decorated with trees and plants which shows the symbol of peace. At present time tea garden contains flowers stones and elegant designs which attracts towards the people. The Japanese tea garden is famous all over the world . The tea house of Shugakuin is the heart of the gardens design.

Men, What Are We :: essays research papers

Men, what are we? Men, is described as a mammal, a vertebrates. Rabbit, cow, are also mammals but they follow a rule. They exist with the ecosystem in a unique balance, food web that is determined from producers to 1st order consumer, to 2nd . 1st orders being the herbivore like rabbit. 2nd the predators, fox. Because of the food web the population of a species are well balanced. They now how and when to stop, in growth of a population. But men deny the term mammal. We cry havoc into the world of order and destroy anything that gets in our way. We seek riches and high society. We burn forest after forest, crippling the land once rich, and full of life. Just to produce paper when it can be harvested using hash. To use the land for cattle for 3 year when it could of lived till end of the world it self. What are we? Over the history of time there is the losers and the winners. There have been wars, hatred of different colors of skin. This kind of behavior is seen in the apes, they fight to keep their stasis, show cruelty to others. But they never kill there own. They throw them into exile for a month and they can be reentered into the â€Å"family†. The ape (gorillas) is trying to survive and give the best gene to the next line of youth. We also do that. But that doesn’t explain the cruel behavior to â€Å"unusual† people. We are developed mostly with love, from our families and we hate. We all went though when we were bugged, and battered. Yet, when the time comes and the table has turned to another, we join and show cruelty. There is no animal that behaves like us. Men are trying to survive to, get good job, and give the beast for family. In nature more likely then less there is a born instinct, instinct to eat, run, and swim up the river when time to lay eggs, and instinc t to kill. No matter what there is an individual whom lived in a good family, good life, had all wanted and more. Loving family, and friends. Who become killers for fun, mantle maybe. But most are described as natural born killer. The fact of natural born killer is still deviated, wither the gene can carry a killer, to they are good people but the nurture was bad.

What Is an American

Brian Menezes 02/27/2013 ENG 98 Critical Summary Critical Summary of â€Å"What is an American? This historical perspective relates an important theme of the way that Americans are defined in â€Å"What is an America† by Jean De Crevecoeur. By using European cultural integration within the theme of being â€Å"American†, Crevecoeur essentially reveals how opportunity has made America a nation of many cultures and ethnicities. In being a new nation that could welcome the destitute of Europe to begin new lives, early America becomes the `dream' of wealth and prosperity for those that have the ourage and industriousness to be pioneers. This historical perspective is worth reading due to the information gathering techniques used by Crevecoeur in relation to the American Dream. † Upon reading Crevecoeur's â€Å" What is an American†, one will notice that the Frenchman's opinion of the United States is quite high, to say the least. In explaining his love for Ame rica, and what he feels it means to be â€Å"an American†, Crevecoeur draws comparisons between Europeans and Americans. One of the first points he brings up is the diversity of your typical American. They are a mixture of English, Scotch, Irish, French, Dutch, Germans, and Swedes. † (page 301). Crevecoeur believes that this melting pot, and the â€Å"strange mixture of blood† among colonists, is partially responsible for what makes America such a progressive and diverse nation. In addition, Crevecoeur praises those that live in the middle settlements for their â€Å"indulgences in government† (page 304), knowledge of religion, and desire to be citizens involved with the government. Europe, on the other hand, is lacking in these types. â€Å"What do I say? Europe has no such class of men; the early nowledge they acquire, the early bargains they make, give them a great degree of sagacity. † (Page 304). Crevecouer also believes that America offers to even the misfortunate a chance to attain wealth and happiness. â€Å"Can a wretch who wanders about, who works and starves, whose live is a continual scene of sore affliction or pinching penury, can that man call England or any other kingdom his country? â€Å", â€Å"a country that had no bread for him†¦ â€Å", â€Å"who met with nothing but frowns from the rich†¦ â€Å", â€Å"No! urged by a variety of motives, here they came. † (page 302).Opportunities are, according to Crevecouer, more abundant in America. This is why so many chose to emigrate here in the first place. In summary, â€Å"What is an American? † has presented characteristics of an American as enjoying freedoms and dignities absent in other continents, a descendant of a mixed European race, and an industrious and knowledgeable people in sciences and arts. Though a descendant of western pilgrims, Americans are unified people in a continent that allows them equitable rights and freedoms t hrough modern laws, political and economic systems, and social structures.

Free Essays on American History

1640-1720 The period in American history from 1640-1720 can be characterized by much crisis and conflict. This era saw the establishment of the African slave trade, political unrest aimed towards England, and increasingly violent clashes with Native Americans amidst an expanding frontier. The French were settling the great lakes region, the English and Dutch in the northeast, while Spain had colonies out west. As economies grew and trading expanded, all 3 ‘Old World’ settlements began to overlap into each other which resulted in hostility and war. At the same time, all 3 groups began clashing with Native Americans, mainly over land. Many Puritans insisted on trying to convert the natives to Christianity, with limited success. As colonial populations expanded, so did their need for new land acquisitions. With colonial expansion, the slave trade began to develop, and then flourish to become the mainstay or linchpin of the American economy by 1700. Plantation owners relied heavily on manual labor to cultivate their crops, as fewer and fewer Europeans were willing to indenture themselves for long periods of time, which was common practice before slavery. They were also considered ‘free’, and therefore had better access to decent wages and living conditions elsewhere. This was a problem for landowners, and they found a solution in the â€Å"Triangular Trade†. Mass quantities of slaves were imported from Africa, often through the West Indies. A cycle soon developed, whereby goods produced by slaves were then traded to bondsmen in Africa for more slaves in return. In effect, slaves indirectly funded their own exploitation. Politics began to shift in the colonies during this time. England developed a collective theory on economics called mercantilism. From 1651 to 1673, a series of laws known as the Navigation Acts were put into effect. These were designed to isolate trade markets between England and the colonies. They include... Free Essays on American History Free Essays on American History Schools in the 1770’s Schools back in the 1770’s were very different, Massachusetts and Connecticut both had laws saying every town with fifty families or more in the town must hire a teacher and build a schoolhouse. Most schools in the 1770’s had only one room; witch was freezing cold in the winter. Some towns are considered very lucky to have a schoolhouse because most towns don’t have any! The teacher of the schoolhouse actually held classes in her home. The puritans thought paper was way too much to waste on the students. They wrote on birch bark for their lessons they worked on. There were no chalkboards, globes, or maps for the children to use. The puritans believed that everyone should be able to read the bible. When the children are not working at home, they had to go to school. In school they are taught to read, write, and do arithmetic witch is practically like math. They need to learn all of this stuff above so then they could read the bible, write letters to people, and keep track of their amount of money. Older boys went to grammar schools for the next six years. Most boys sat on hard, cold benches studying Latin, Greek, arithmetic, and geography. Puritans didn’t think that girls needed anymore education then what they all ready learned in a regular schoolhouse. For girls it ended with dame school. Some other young children went to private schools; they were also called dame schools. The villagers put their best clothes on and then walked to the meetinghouse for religious worship. Each one of the schoolmasters had one of the most important tools, a birch stick. A watchman (like a policeman) watched over the meetinghouse so no one would get in. The watchman carried a long pole type thing with a knob on one end and a squirrel tail on the other end of the pole. Some meetings and school lasted all day, but with a break for lunch. On Sundays there were no school or work.... Free Essays on American History 1640-1720 The period in American history from 1640-1720 can be characterized by much crisis and conflict. This era saw the establishment of the African slave trade, political unrest aimed towards England, and increasingly violent clashes with Native Americans amidst an expanding frontier. The French were settling the great lakes region, the English and Dutch in the northeast, while Spain had colonies out west. As economies grew and trading expanded, all 3 ‘Old World’ settlements began to overlap into each other which resulted in hostility and war. At the same time, all 3 groups began clashing with Native Americans, mainly over land. Many Puritans insisted on trying to convert the natives to Christianity, with limited success. As colonial populations expanded, so did their need for new land acquisitions. With colonial expansion, the slave trade began to develop, and then flourish to become the mainstay or linchpin of the American economy by 1700. Plantation owners relied heavily on manual labor to cultivate their crops, as fewer and fewer Europeans were willing to indenture themselves for long periods of time, which was common practice before slavery. They were also considered ‘free’, and therefore had better access to decent wages and living conditions elsewhere. This was a problem for landowners, and they found a solution in the â€Å"Triangular Trade†. Mass quantities of slaves were imported from Africa, often through the West Indies. A cycle soon developed, whereby goods produced by slaves were then traded to bondsmen in Africa for more slaves in return. In effect, slaves indirectly funded their own exploitation. Politics began to shift in the colonies during this time. England developed a collective theory on economics called mercantilism. From 1651 to 1673, a series of laws known as the Navigation Acts were put into effect. These were designed to isolate trade markets between England and the colonies. They include...

Childrens Health essays

Childrens Health essays Exercise and proper nutrition are the key to having a health child. Nutrition and exercise are important because it keeps people's bodies - and minds healthy. Without both of these factors, we wouldn't be feeling or looking very good. Actually, there are so many reasons why exercise and good nutrition are good for people at every age, and it's a good time to teach children to develop healthy habits and see why it's cool to be fit! Exercise makes your heart happy and your heart is one hardworking part, pumping blood every day of your life. The heart is a muscle, and it's the strongest muscle in your body - but it's always looking to become even stronger! Since it can't lift weights to get stronger, it relies on you to do aerobic exercise. Aerobic is a fancy word for needing oxygen, and aerobic exercise is any kind of activity that makes your muscles use oxygen. Aerobic exercise is repetitive; meaning it's an activity you do over and over, to keep bringing fresh oxygen to all of your muscles. When you do aerobic exercise and bring in that oxygen, your heart becomes stronger and even a tiny bit bigger. The number of blood cells in your blood increases, so the blood can carry even more oxygen. The blood in your body even moves more easily through the blood vessels. All these things mean that your body works more efficiently to keep you healthy and you can do lots of exercise without getting worn out. It' s a good idea for kids to do some kind of aerobic exercise two or three times a week, for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. It's not hard to do - some excellent aerobic activities are swimming, basketball, ice or roller hockey, jogging (or walking quickly), inline skating, soccer, cross-country skiing, biking, and rowing. Even dancing, skipping, jumping rope, and playing hopscotch are aerobic activities. Exercise makes muscles and all the muscles in your body do a fine job when you use them for easy stuff, like picking up...

Atomic Energy essays

Atomic Energy essays The users that are infected usually arent aware of the disease until its too late for them to be properly treated. People that get AIDS from having more than one sexual partner effect the life of every person they sleep with. Mothers who are pregnant with AIDS may pass the disease on to their child without them being able to do anything about it. No matter how a person gets the disease their chances of dying are 100%. Family and friends of AIDS patients are effected because they have to see that person go through the disease. In the long run, there is no easy way to deal with AIDS; the burden is something people have to cope with in their own way. Remedies of AIDS are very limited since there isnt a cure for the disease. Treatment for AIDS is given only to slow the disease from spreading rapidly. One major drug called AZT has been highly effective in reducing HIV transmission. The most effective method of preventing HIV and AIDS is education. Parents and schools make the students aware of the disease at an early age so they are at a lower risk. Education and the use of certain drugs have reduced the amount of people who get the disease and die with the disease, but thats not enough. In just one year the amount of people who are infected with HIV has risen 10 percent. AIDS is a social problem that everyone would like to get rid of. The disease is painful emotionally and physically both for the patient and their family. For the disease to be kept under control, massive campaigns and cooperation are needed to spread the education of AIDS to all countries. The commitment and resources needed to create such a project has been a problem since some people dont want to be part of such a dangerous epidemic. Until a cure or something used to prevent AIDS is discovered, the number of HIV infections will continue to rise. All people must learn how to protect themselves and remember its ...

Cognitive Theorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cognitive Theorists - Essay Example In like manner, students in a vocational school who are required to finish certain skill within a period of time are expected to complete such task (2006). Furthermore, the participation of students and staffs in the attainment of the school’s goal reflects the other assumption of Tolman’s theory that behavior is analyzed through the actions of a larger group rather than the movements of individuals. Although, reward is not evident in the accomplishment of the school’s purpose, students still comply owing to their internal discrimination with the presentation of the goal. After all, the concept of Tolman’s theory indicates that learning and motivation is still possible even without a reward. Cognitive mapping of Tolman could also be applied to vocational trainings considering the performance of the participants. As the instructor teaches a skill, students paint an outline in their brain to indicate the route with how they could retain the sequence of skill s taught. Once a blueprint is fixed in their mind, they can repeat the skill even in the midst of changes or difficulties like when they are nervous.

POL DB 5 All Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

POL DB 5 All - Assignment Example The government, therefore, has a duty to protect its citizens from such crimes. The issue of crime is a national pandemic and cannot be overlooked. Therefore, the government creates an agenda to discuss it and find lasting solutions. There is the agenda of homicide and cyber-crime. Both have been robbing the country of either prominent people or lots of money. The policy formulation will include hefty penalties for anyone charged with a cyber-crime or a homicide. Actually, for a homicide, individuals could also receive a death sentence. For a cyber-crime, the individual will be required to pay up every cent to the last coin. The police on patrol will also increase and surveillances will be put in areas strategic, so as to identify the people carrying out different types of crimes. The policy evaluation will eventually be done to see how the two active policies are. The "government will then evaluate the facts on the ground and try to seal the loopholes" (Ãâ€"berg, Lundin and Thelander, 114). Thus, the system becomes more efficient. There are several needs that arise, and that require to be brought to the attention of the policymakers for them to review and make decisions. Crime is one such issue. One of the typical examples of crime is larceny and any such theft like robbery with violence and burglary. From the offense perspective, Plott states that "a rise in the practice of theft in a particular state may raise the alarm for the government to act on it" (25). It therefore, becomes an agenda in their list. There are different ways that to table this in parliament. The government may decide to look at the causes of the rise in such theft cases. What age is mostly involved in these acts? Why? Is it that the employment rate is high? The government then decides to focus on the "whys" to find a lasting solution. They then brainstorm on the possible causes. They are then able to draft a plan from their finding. For example, the paper

The Development of Organisation Theory Assignment

The Development of Organisation Theory - Assignment Example In most organizations, the leading forces impinging on role performance are social or symbolic rather than economic. Although the social significance of the workgroup to individual workers was first reported in the studies of factory workers, recent research shows that the significance of informal work groups is much greater for individuals in high-status positions than those in low-status positions. Management-level employees are more likely to go through social and geographical mobility, which cuts them off from their parents, their place of birth and their friends. As a result, they are inclined to depend greatly on social relationships established at their workplace (Henderson 1996). To the extent that co-workers have become an important reference group for employees, one would expect them to support one another. Abraham Maslow’s (1950) theory of a hierarchy of human needs suggests needs categorized in the following ascending order; (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) love, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization. Under this theory, the type and level of need for work-group appreciation are influenced by the type and level of which the needs are being satisfied by individuals external to the workplace. However, a certain amount of safety and esteem from one’s colleagues, managers and subordinates are crucial for successful functioning within any organization. For this reason, the major focus of managers should be on creating and maintaining good human relations in the workplace (Luthans 2010). Due to the recent technological progress, there is generally a shortage of significant interaction among culturally diverse employees. There is also a deficiency of affection in a number of the homes of workers. Human relations demand employers develop closer personal relationships in their organizations.  

Computer Based Training vs.Instructor Lead Training Term Paper

Computer Based Training vs.Instructor Lead Training - Term Paper Example The information provided will base on facts and previous researches. A conclusion will be based on information the essay provides. The aim of the essay is to determine the effectiveness of various modes of training and recommend on which mode is to be applied while undertaking training both as a student and as a faculty in general. Every school wants to have a competitive advantage and the result is the introduction of various training modes. The two modules contain various similarities in that the outcome will always depend on the set of guideline that is designed in the curriculum. The similarities include the learning objective, which in any cases is aimed at passing information to students, and develop graduates that are competitive in the market (Moyer, 2003). The institutional goals and mission guide this principle. The other similarity is the structure and layout, what is taught is similar this includes the three principles of learning which include acquiring, demonstration and assessment. Acquiring entails the passing of knowledge to the students and the mode of training is what creates demonstration. The two combine to create a learning environment that is conducive. The assessment is always in two forms, the continuous assessments, which majorly includes the course work and the final assessment that combines every element of the course. The three are similar in both computer-based training and instructor led tr aining. There exists the issue of accessibility in which the mode provides for readily available information. When enrolling one can do so at any given time of the learning calendar contrary to the other mode in which enrollment is done on a specified date. The issue of distance and travelling challenges are dealt with by this mode of training, in that one can acquire knowledge and be assessed online without visiting the training facility. The accessibility issue can also be applied to the working students where they

The Tragic Sense of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Tragic Sense of Life - Essay Example makes it move towards faith which readily offers immortality and meaning, a sense of immortality that is vulnerable to doubt, yet, at the same time richly endowed with meaning and hope. It is this mutual contradiction of these two ideas, one ensuing from objectivity and the other from faith is the eventual source of life’s unity. In a broader context, both these ideas, complement and complete each other. It is the sense of annihilation ensuing from a scientific objectivity that moves the humanity towards faith, and the doctrines of faith, though seeming mystical, ambiguous and vague ultimately does have the power to move the men to act in a way that actually makes people think that these doctrines if not true, ought to be true. That death, if it is the eventual destiny of man, is a destiny that is undeserved and unjust. Unamuno boldly declares that â€Å"We think because we live (157).† However, by ‘thinking’ here, Unamuno does not mean what most men consider thinking to be. For truly speaking, in case of most of the individuals, thoughts are nothing, but a pretext for justifying their actions to oneself and others. Nudged to act by their innate, basic and primordial instincts, they present thoughts as a sophisticated veneer to cover up the essential senselessness and vagueness of their actions, or rather to project some sort of a meaning over their actions. Yet, the shallowness of their thoughts is evinced the minute there start to appear chinks in their adopted or professed doctrines, taking a heavy tool of their belief in the very integrity of their actions. By ‘thinking’ Unamuno means that an innate belief, which embraces both the impermanence indicated by logic and the immortality offered by faith and proceeds to act irrespective of the inherent contradiction of these two ideas, confident that the very character of the actions engendered by this belief while resolve this contradiction and endow life with a meaning. Doing so, Unamuno places upside

Differences between the US and German Corporate Governance Systems Essay - 22

Differences between the US and German Corporate Governance Systems - Essay Example In contrast, German corporate governance code is the medium that determines the corporate issues in Germany. Â  Unlike US law the German corporate system emphasis on protecting the creditors, and gives freedom for accumulating indirect reserves. Another notable feature is that in the German system, accounts are calculated in monetary terms instead of book values. On the contrary, US government permits organizations to create shareholders and to exert their own management control. Moreover, in the US, Sarbanes Oxley Act emphasize on individual responsibilities of CEOs and CFOs; whereas, German corporate governance gives importance to collective responsibility. Â  Regardless of the dissimilar business environment, Law Daimler and Chrysler have rather collectively dealt with the common issues by designing policies to operate their business efficiently. They strategically evaluate the business concerns and formulate further plans to meet challenges that are associated with the variance in business cultures. Their formula emphasizes on the submission of DC balance sheet that the whole company has to be committed to. Individuals like the CEO, CFO, and Chairman also come under the ambit of certain obligations. Also, the company has applied cascade signing system in its business operations. Daimler and Chrysler have given more weight to collective and individual responsibility in management concerns. Â  Law Daimler and Chrysler could have initiated some researchers on the major corporate issues to identify the essential areas of strategic change. It should focus on other competitors for learning how they handle the issues related to organizational convergence. In addition, the company might have explored new potential regions for business expansion to overcome the legal barriers in their domestic market.

Computer Based Training vs.Instructor Lead Training Term Paper

Computer Based Training vs.Instructor Lead Training - Term Paper Example The information provided will base on facts and previous researches. A conclusion will be based on information the essay provides. The aim of the essay is to determine the effectiveness of various modes of training and recommend on which mode is to be applied while undertaking training both as a student and as a faculty in general. Every school wants to have a competitive advantage and the result is the introduction of various training modes. The two modules contain various similarities in that the outcome will always depend on the set of guideline that is designed in the curriculum. The similarities include the learning objective, which in any cases is aimed at passing information to students, and develop graduates that are competitive in the market (Moyer, 2003). The institutional goals and mission guide this principle. The other similarity is the structure and layout, what is taught is similar this includes the three principles of learning which include acquiring, demonstration and assessment. Acquiring entails the passing of knowledge to the students and the mode of training is what creates demonstration. The two combine to create a learning environment that is conducive. The assessment is always in two forms, the continuous assessments, which majorly includes the course work and the final assessment that combines every element of the course. The three are similar in both computer-based training and instructor led tr aining. There exists the issue of accessibility in which the mode provides for readily available information. When enrolling one can do so at any given time of the learning calendar contrary to the other mode in which enrollment is done on a specified date. The issue of distance and travelling challenges are dealt with by this mode of training, in that one can acquire knowledge and be assessed online without visiting the training facility. The accessibility issue can also be applied to the working students where they

Differences between the US and German Corporate Governance Systems Essay - 22

Differences between the US and German Corporate Governance Systems - Essay Example In contrast, German corporate governance code is the medium that determines the corporate issues in Germany. Â  Unlike US law the German corporate system emphasis on protecting the creditors, and gives freedom for accumulating indirect reserves. Another notable feature is that in the German system, accounts are calculated in monetary terms instead of book values. On the contrary, US government permits organizations to create shareholders and to exert their own management control. Moreover, in the US, Sarbanes Oxley Act emphasize on individual responsibilities of CEOs and CFOs; whereas, German corporate governance gives importance to collective responsibility. Â  Regardless of the dissimilar business environment, Law Daimler and Chrysler have rather collectively dealt with the common issues by designing policies to operate their business efficiently. They strategically evaluate the business concerns and formulate further plans to meet challenges that are associated with the variance in business cultures. Their formula emphasizes on the submission of DC balance sheet that the whole company has to be committed to. Individuals like the CEO, CFO, and Chairman also come under the ambit of certain obligations. Also, the company has applied cascade signing system in its business operations. Daimler and Chrysler have given more weight to collective and individual responsibility in management concerns. Â  Law Daimler and Chrysler could have initiated some researchers on the major corporate issues to identify the essential areas of strategic change. It should focus on other competitors for learning how they handle the issues related to organizational convergence. In addition, the company might have explored new potential regions for business expansion to overcome the legal barriers in their domestic market.

Chinas Current Foreign Investment Environment Essay Example for Free

Chinas Current Foreign Investment Environment Essay Since the reform and opening up, Chinas utilization of foreign investment is developing constantly. Along with the continuous improvement of the investment environment, the scale of foreign investment into China has been continuing expanding, which making China became the worlds second largest inflow of funds country. In the backdrop of Chinas own economic development, in 2010, China became the second largest economy in the world, with a 5878. 6 billion dollars GDP at the same year.? Inside the country, foreign investments forming a large-scale foreign economy, and made important contribution to China’s economy and pushed it into the international economic system. I would like to talk about my own views about Chinas current foreign investment environment, and analyze its opportunities and challenges. The quality of investment environment is directly related to the ability to attract high-quality foreign capital investment. Investment environment affected by many factors, and these factors work together, such as national macroeconomic policies, the basic anagement system of national government, the level of infrastructures and so on. First, I’d like to analyze the advantage of Chinas current foreign investment environment, which directly related to the opportunity for China to attract foreign investment. Advantage: Good economic environment A countrys economic environment determines the future direction and development of the countrys economy, while China is in a good momentum of economic development stage. Chinas macro-control policies become more and more mature after years of development, and have accumulated a lot of valuable experience. These policies have played a catalytic role for the countrys overall economic development. In order to develop an opening-up economy, in 2001, China became a member of the WTO, provided a good opportunity to make Chinas economic more opening to the outside world and provide better investment environment. By accepting new things and developing Chinas own economic growth model, the level of Chinas economic grows rapidly. China has a strong domestic purchasing power, which reflects Chinas huge market size and market potential. According to the effective demand theory of Keynes, due to the economic crisis, there is a lack of effective demand in western countries. Effective demand makes up with consumer demand and investment demand. Diminishing marginal propensity to consume, diminishing marginal efficiency of capital and liquidity preference is the three major social and psychological factors resulting in lack of consumption demand and investment demand, and then reduce the investment rate in developed countries.? Thus, more foreign investors would turn to find a better place to invest, it is the opportunity of Chinas foreign investment environment. Advantage: Stable political environment Since Chinas reform and opening up, peoples living standards continue to improve, China’s international status and international influence also has been enhanced at the same time. China could maintain a stable developing social environment. This is the basic guarantee of the investment environment. For example, the reason why Wal-Mart invested a large amount of money on shopping plaza, Sam shops, and community shops in China, is that Wal-Mart believed China has a stable political and social environment. A stable political and social environment is an important factor that can nsure the safety of foreign investments. Advantage: Acceptable infrastructure China has the worlds largest infrastructure construction. After years of development, the level of Chinas infrastructure has been significantly improved. For example, the government invested a lot of money on the construction of transportation, electricity, water, and natural gas supply. The ability to provide materials and efficient transportation are favorable factors for attracting foreign investment. For example, Wal-Mart relies on its efficient logistics and distribution, and Wal-Mart decided to locate its distribution center in Tianjin. Tianjin is a coastal city, it not only reflects the natural advantage of Tianjin, but also reflects that in recent years, Tianjins tremendous achievements in constructing infrastructure. Advantage: Abundant labor China has the largest population in the world, and also provides a lot of cheap labor resources. Companies could enjoy cost advantages because of the cheap labor cost, especially in labor-intensive industries. China also has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive industries. Wal-Mart has 50,000 employees in China. The company gives their employees necessary training to meet the needs of high-tech industries and enjoys low cost of labor. Labor and capital are substitutes. In China, Wal-Marts development relies heavily on a lot of cheap labor. Imagine Wal-Mart has such a large number of employees in developed countries, the labor cost is much higher than in China, therefore, the actual profit must be affected. In this way, invest in China is a good choice for War-Mart. I have talked about the advantages of the foreign investment environment in China, and then I would like to talk about the disadvantages. Disadvantage: The laws of the market economy system are not perfect China joined the WTO in 2001, which means that China can be on an equal footing with the developed countries. However, Chinas current economy is a market economy with Chinese characteristics, which has some differences with the mature market economies in developed countries. Chinas market economy has been accepted for a short time, with little experience, many laws and regulations are unreasonable. Chinas legal basis, the legislative process, operational mechanism is still not completely turned to erve market economy. Some existing laws and regulations confront with the principles of market economy. In terms of implementation, many laws and regulations are not uniformed in the implementation process, which have caused lots of problems for foreign investors. The imperfect legal system also affects employee’s rights. For example, Wal-Mart, Dell, Kodak and other foreign companies are refused to establish union in China. Actually, there are few laws to protect employee’s rights in China. These foreign companies are not afraid of these imperfect laws. Foreign companies like Wal-Mart, has a long operation history in many countries around the world, has many experiences of how to deal with workers in many countries, the legal basis in China is still very weak. Disadvantage: Low government efficiency Bureaucracy and corruption is a significant problem of the government. In the Chinese government system, the institutional settings are bloated, some department’s functions are unclear, policies and regulations are not uniformed between the various departments. These problems are particularly serious in recent years, greatly limits the improvement of the foreign investment environment. Foreign investors lack of a complete understanding of the Chinese government, they will face a lot of problems but do not know how to deal with it. Disadvantage: The low efficiency of the financial sector According to a survey conducted by the World Bank, Chinas financial resources are concentrated on state-owned enterprises. For some companies with high potential, especially for some small and medium-sized private companies, they can not get strong financial support from the bank in a short time. Lack of support also leads these companies to the slow development or even the bankrupt. This is also a disadvantage to foreign investors. Foreign investors in China want to get the financial support have to face cumbersome procedures, mainly because of the financial institutions system is not perfect. At the same time, the interest rate is not determined by the market, which limits the flow of credit funds to the foreign companies, the private sector, and small enterprises. Disadvantage: The investment environment and labor distribution has regional differences China has large land area, but because of the natural causes, history and other factors, the investment environment and labor distribution are various from region to region. In the southeast coastal areas, infrastructure, labor resources, and policies are attractive to foreign investors. In the central and western regions, due to the geographical conditions and the limitations of natural resources, economic development is relatively slow, the policy is not attractive to foreign investors. For example, Wal-Mart opened 191 stores in China are mostly located in the southeast coastal areas. As shown below: Wal-Mart China mainland outlets maps Disadvantage: Resources and environmental constraints China is a big country. However, the resources for every person rank very low around the world. With the economic development, social development and the improvement of the consumption level, there are some limitations in the energy, land and other natural resources. China’s economic growth mainly depends on high pollution industries, and has not fundamental changed. Environmental pollution makes retail enterprises such as Wal-Mart faces a lot of problems in the procurement process. A lot of goods can not enter the mall because of the pollution. Chinas foreign investment environment and also be limited, therefore, the transformation of economic growth mode is the top item of Chinas current economic development. Summary In summary, the entry of foreign capital is an inevitable trend in China, which has made more demands on Chinas investment environment. How to use the opportunities and advantages of the Chinas investment environment are important issues need to be considered by the government. Only by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of Chinas investment environment, developing relevant policies and regulations, increasing the anti-corruption efforts and transforming the economic development mode, China could improve the foreign investment environment to the next level. In this way, China could receive a more important role in the world economy.

Chromatographic Separation of Hemoglobin from Phenol Red

Chromatographic Separation of Hemoglobin from Phenol Red Syed Ibrahim Chromatographic Separation of Hemoglobin from Phenol Red by Gel Filtration Introduction From catalysis to transport, proteins take part in countless cellular processes (Nelson Cox, 2008). However, due to their small size, proteins can be challenging to work with in the lab. To overcome this hurdle, scientists have developed many fractionation techniques including centrifugation, precipitation, dialysis, and chromatography (Alberts et al., 2008). Chromatography is one of the most versatile laboratory techniques as it is used in many fields of study (Partridge, 1952; Silva et al., 2014). There are several types of chromatography, and each separates molecules based on different properties. Size-exclusion gel filtration is a type of column chromatography which resolves molecules based on their size (Duong Gabelli, 2013). In the column, there is a cross-linked polymer matrix with pores of a predetermined size (Scott, 2003). Small molecules are more likely to spend time in the pore, so they migrate slower and thus elute in later fractions (Nelson Cox, 2008). Conversely, larger molecules are less likely to enter the pore, so they migrate faster and thus elute in earlier fractions (de Jong et al., 2015). There are numerous types of column matrices, such as Sephadex G (composed of dextran and epichlorohydrin) and Sepharose (consisting of agarose) (GE, 2015). Each matrix has different sized pores and thus different ranges of molecular sizes that it can separate, called fractionation ranges (de Jong et al., 2015). In this lab, Sephadex G-25, which has a fractionation range of 1,000-5,000Da, was the column matrix (de Jong et al., 2015). Hemoglobin and phenol red were also used. Hemoglobin is a protein found primarily found in mammalian red blood cells, and is used to transport oxygen from an organism’s lungs to its tissues (Seeley, 2014). Phenol red is a chemical compound that changes color depending on the pH of the chemical environment, and so it is typically used as a pH indicator (Klein, 2012). Hemoglobin has a molecular weight of 64,500Da while phenol red has a molecular weight of 354.38Da (de Jong et al., 2015). It was expected that hemoglobin would be completely excluded from the pores of the Sephadex G-25 resin, allowing it to elute in early fractions. As well, it was expected that phenol red would be completely included in the gel, making it elute in later fractions. Purpose The goal of this lab was to separate a mixture containing hemoglobin and phenol red using size-exclusion gel filtration. As well, the aim was to compare the standard and literature wavelengths of maximum absorption of hemoglobin and phenol red. Results The results from this experiment are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1. Fraction volumes from size-exclusion gel filtration using Sephadex G25. The size-exclusion gel filtration separated a mixture of hemoglobin and phenol red. In theory, fraction A contained void volume, fraction B contained hemoglobin, fraction C contained the buffer only, and fraction D contained phenol red. Table 2. Peak absorbance and wavelength of standard hemoglobin and phenol red. Using a Beckman spectrophotometer, the wavelength profile between 380nm and 600nm of two standard samples was determined. The standard hemoglobin sample contained 250ÃŽ ¼L of 0.8% hemoglobin, while the standard phenol red sample consisted of 20ÃŽ ¼L of 0.2% phenol red. Based on the graph, the maximum absorbance values and the corresponding wavelengths were determined. Questions and Research Question 1: Search Engine: Web of Science Search Terms: hemoglobin spectroscopy Reference: DiFeo, T. J., Addison, A. W., Stephanos, J. J. (1990). Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of haemoglobin and myoglobin from Urechis caupo. Distal residue effects. Biochem. J, 269, 739-747. Search Engine: Web of Science Search Terms: hemoglobin Soret band absorptivity (sorted by relevance) Reference: Akuwudike, A. R., Chikezie, P. C., Chilaka, F. C. (2010). Absorption spectra of normal adult and sickle cell haemoglobins treated with hydrogen peroxide at two pH values. Adv. Biomed. Res, 1, 55-60. Search Engine: Google Search Terms: phenol red maximum wavelength absorption Reference: LobaChemie. (2015). Phenol Red. Laboratory Reagents and Fine Chemicals. Retrieved February 21, 2015, from http://www.lobachemie.com/pH-Indicator-05180/PHENOL-RED-CASNO-143-74-8.aspx Based on the graph from Blackboard, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance (ÃŽ »max) are shown in Table 2. For the standard hemoglobin sample ÃŽ »max = 410nm, and for the standard phenol red sample ÃŽ »max = 560nm. Based on the literature, hemoglobin and related proteins are known to give three bands of maximum absorption: ÃŽ ±-band, ÃŽ ²-band, and Soret band (DiFeo et al., 1990). For normal adult hemoglobin (HgA), the wavelength of maximum absorbance in the Soret band is ÃŽ »max = 415nm (Akuwudike et al., 2010). The wavelengths of maximum absorbance of phenol red changes based on pH. At a pH of 8.2, phenol red has ÃŽ »max = 557-560nm while at a pH of 6, phenol red has ÃŽ »max = 430-435 (LobaChemie, 2015). This change in maximum absorbance with respect to pH is understandable because phenol red is a common pH indicator, meaning it changes color based on pH (Nelson Cox, 2008). The literature and experimental wavelengths of maximum absorbance are summarized in Table 3. The experimental and literature values were fairly close, and their variance may be accounted for due to difference in the buffer and pH of the solvent. Table 3. Literature and experimental wavelengths of maximum absorbance. The experimental wavelengths of maximum absorbance (ÃŽ »max) were obtained from Table 2. The literature ÃŽ »max of hemoglobin (HgA) was based on Akuwudike et al (2010). The literature ÃŽ »max of phenol red at pH = 8.2 was based on LobaChemie (2015). Question 2: Based on the data collected in this experiment, it is impossible to determine whether the eluted hemoglobin is free of phenol red. To determine its purity, spectroscopy of the eluted hemoglobin (fraction B) would need to be conducted in order to draw a wavelength-vs-absorbance graph between 380nm and 600nm (similar to the one posted on Blackboard). If the eluted hemoglobin curve has only one peak (ÃŽ »max = 410-415nm), it contains only hemoglobin. However, it the curve has two peaks (ÃŽ »max = 410-415nm and ÃŽ »max = 557-5605nm), then the eluted fraction contains both hemoglobin and phenol red. Question 3: Search Engine: Web of Science Search Terms: size-exclusion gel filtration (sorted by relevance) Reference: Wang, Q., et al. (2005). Molecular characterisation of soybean polysaccharides: an approach by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic and static light scattering methods. Carbohydrate research, 340(17), 2637-2644. In this experiment, size-exclusion gel filtration was carried out, so hemoglobin and phenol red were separated based on size or more quantitatively based on molecular weight (Nelson Cox, 2008; Wang et al., 2005). Smaller molecules, such as phenol red, spend more time in the pores and are eluted in later fractions (Nelson Cox, 2008). Conversely, larger molecules molecules, such as hemoglobin, spend almost no time in the pores and are eluted in earlier fractions (Nelson Cox, 2008). Question 4: Search Engine: Web of Science Search Terms: chromatography theory (sorted by relevance) Reference: Lee, W. C., Tsai, G. J., Tsao, G. T. (1993). Analysis of chromatography by plate theory. Separations Technology, 3(4), 178-197. Search Engine: PubMed Search Terms: chromatography theory column length (sorted by relevance) Reference: Bedani, F., et al. (2006). A theoretical basis for parameter selection and instrument design in comprehensive size-exclusion chromatographyÃâ€" liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1133(1), 126-134. Based on the plate theory of chromatography, the resolution (R) is influenced by numerous factors including the plate number (N) (Lee et al., 1993). The plate number is affected by many elements of the column including column length and inner column radius (Bedani et al., 2006). Based on mathematical relationships, it has been determined that longer columns lead to increased resolution (Lee et al., 1993; Nelson Cox, 2008). Thus longer chromatography columns will separate molecules better than shorter columns. Question 5: In order to separate ÃŽ ²1,3-galactosidase (75,000Da) and ÃŽ ²1,2-xylosidase (MW 100,000Da) the Sephadex G-100 resin would be ideal. This is because the molecular weight of both enzymes is within the fractionation range of this resin (4,000-150,000Da) (de Jong et al., 2015). The heavier protein (ÃŽ ²1,2-xylosidase) will elute before the lighter protein (ÃŽ ²1,3-galactosidase). Question 6: The fractionation range of Sephadex G-100 is 4,000-150,000Da (de Jong et al., 2015). Alcohol dehydrogenase (MW 140,000Da) falls within this range, while aldehyde dehydrogenase (MW 200,000Da) is above the range. Since both enzymes are not on the same extreme of the fractionation range, aldehyde dehydrogenase will elute very quickly and alcohol dehydrogenase will elute shortly after. Thus, Sephadex G-100 can be used to resolve alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. However, it would be ideal to use Sephadex G-200 because the molecular weight of both enzymes would be within the fractionation range of 5,000-600,000Da (de Jong et al., 2015). Question 7: Search Engine: PubMed Search Terms: â€Å"fast protein liquid chromatography† (sorted by relevance) Reference: Sheehan, D., O’Sullivan, S. (2004). Fast protein liquid chromatography. In Protein purification protocols (pp. 253-258). Humana Press. Search Engine: PubMed Search Terms: â€Å"fast protein liquid chromatography† (sorted by relevance) Reference: Goke, B., Keim, V. (1992). HPLC and FPLC. Recent progress in the use of automated chromatography systems for resolution of pancreatic secretory proteins. International Journal of Pancreatology, 11(2), 109-116. Search Engine: PubMed Search Terms: â€Å"fast protein liquid chromatography† (sorted by relevance) Reference: Lavanya, G., et al. (2011). Protein Chromatography. J Biomed Sci and Res, 3(3), 424-438. Search Engine: Google Search Terms: fast protein liquid chromatography Reference: Bio-Rad. (2015). Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. Bio-Rad Life Science Research.Retrieved February 22, 2015, from http://www.bio-rad.com/en-ca/applications-technologies/fast-protein-liquid-chromatography Search Engine: PubMed Search Terms: fast protein liquid chromatography use Reference: Verbeke, K., Verbruggen, A. (1996). Usefulness of fast protein liquid chromatography as an alternative to high performance liquid chromatography of 99m Tc-labelled human serum albumin preparations. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 14(8), 1209-1213. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is an automated chromatography technique that uses columns with a small inner diameter (Goke Keim, 1992; Sheehan O’Sullivan, 2004). By means of pumps and valves, the FPLC system regulates how fast the liquid mobile phase moves down the agarose stationary phase a constant, and maintains a constant flow rate (Lavanya et al., 2011). As well, based on the readings of the UV detector and conductivity meter, the FPLC system is able to control how and when the eluted fractions should be separated (Bio-Rad, 2015). There are variations of FPLC that allow proteins to separated base on size, charge or hydrophobicity (Verbeke Verbruggen, 1996). FPLC, as its name suggests is quite useful in analyzing and purifying protein mixtures (Lavanya et al., 2011). For example, FPLC has been used to identify zinc-containing proteins in rat saliva; and it has also been used to separate and analyze pancreatic juice in order to examine disease-causing proteins (Lavanya et al., 2011). Conclusion In this lab, a mixture of hemoglobin and phenol red was resolved using sizeexclusion gel filtration. Since Sephadex G-25 (fractionation range 1,000-4,000Da) was used as the column matrix, it was expected that hemoglobin would be completely excluded from the matrix pores, allowing it to elute in early fractions. As well, it was anticipated that phenol red would be completely included in the gel, making it elute in later fractions. The hemoglobin/phenol red mixture was separated into four fractions and their respected volumes are shown in Table 1. In theory, fraction A contained void volume, fraction B contained hemoglobin, fraction C contained the buffer only, and fraction D contained phenol red. Due to time and budget constraints, the absorbance of the eluted fractions was not analyzed. However based on an absorbance-vs-wavelength graph, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance (ÃŽ »max) for standard hemoglobin (ÃŽ »max = 410nm) and standard phenol red (ÃŽ »max = 560nm) were determined, as described in Table 2. These values were also compared to literature values, as shown in Table 3. Normal adult hemoglobin (HgA) is known to have maximum absorbance at ÃŽ »max = 415nm, while phenol red is known to have ÃŽ »max = 557-560nm. The experimental and literature values were fairly close to one another, and their slight variance may be accounted for due to difference in the buffer used and pH of the solvent. For further research, spectroscopy of the eluted hemoglobin (fraction B) would need to be conducted in order to draw a wavelength-vs-absorbance graph between 380nm and 600nm. This would help to clarify whether the eluted hemoglobin is free of phenol red. References Akuwudike, A. R., Chikezie, P. C., Chilaka, F. C. (2010). Absorption spectra of normal adult and sickle cell haemoglobins treated with hydrogen peroxide at two pH values. Adv. Biomed. Res, 1, 55-60. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2008).Molecular Biology of the Cell(5th ed.). New York: Garland Science. Bedani, F., et al. (2006). A theoretical basis for parameter selection and instrument design in comprehensive size-exclusion chromatographyÃâ€" liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1133(1), 126-134. Bio-Rad. (2015). Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. Bio-Rad Life Science Research. Retrieved February 22, 2015, from http://www.bio-rad.com/en-ca/applications-technologies/fast-protein-liquid-chromatography de Jong, M., Botelho, R., Antonescu, C., Wakarchuk, W. (2015).Laboratory Manual: Biochemistry- BCH261(Winter 2015 ed.). Toronto: Ryerson University. DiFeo, T. J., Addison, A. W., Stephanos, J. J. (1990). Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of haemoglobin and myoglobin from Urechis caupo. Distal residue effects. Biochem. J, 269, 739-747. Duong-Ly, K. C., Gabelli, S. B. (2013). Gel filtration chromatography (size exclusion chromatography) of proteins. Methods in enzymology, 541, 105-114. GE. (2015). Product Catalog. GE Healthcare Life Sciences. Retrieved February 21, 2015, from http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/catalog/en/ GELifeSciences/products/products_by_technology/ Goke, B., Keim, V. (1992). HPLC and FPLC. Recent progress in the use of automated chromatography systems for resolution of pancreatic secretory proteins. International Journal of Pancreatology, 11(2), 109-116. Klein, D. R. (2012). Organic chemistry (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Lavanya, G., et al. (2011). Protein Chromatography. J Biomed Sci and Res, 3(3), 424-438. Lee, W. C., Tsai, G. J., Tsao, G. T. (1993). Analysis of chromatography by plate theory. Separations Technology, 3(4), 178-197. LobaChemie. (2015). Phenol Red. Laboratory Reagents and Fine Chemicals. Retrieved February 21, 2015, from http://www.lobachemie.com/pH-Indicator-05180/PHENOL-RED-CASNO-143-74-8.aspx Nelson, D., Cox, M. (2008). Lehningers Principles of Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York, N.Y.: WH Freeman and Company. Partridge, M. W. (1952). Chromatography and its applications in pharmacy. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 4(1), 217-230. Scott, R. P. (2003). Principles and practice of chromatography. Chrom-Ed Book Series, 1. Seeley, R. (2014). Seeleys Anatomy Physiology (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sheehan, D., O’Sullivan, S. (2004). Fast protein liquid chromatography. In Protein purification protocols (pp. 253-258). Humana Press. Silva, J., Teodoro, J., Afonso, R., Aquino, S., Augusti, R. (2014). Photolysis and photocatalysis of ibuprofen in aqueous medium: characterization of byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ products via liquid chromatography coupled to highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ resolution mass spectrometry and assessment of their toxicities against Artemia Salina. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 49(2), 145-153. Verbeke, K., Verbruggen, A. (1996). Usefulness of fast protein liquid chromatography as an alternative to high performance liquid chromatography of 99m Tc-labelled human serum albumin preparations. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 14(8), 1209-1213. Wang, Q., et al. (2005). Molecular characterisation of soybean polysaccharides: an approach by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic and static light scattering methods. Carbohydrate research, 340(17), 2637-2644.

People In The Government :: essays research papers

Approval of the Journal 1. The Speaker shall take the Chair on every legislative day precisely at the hour to which the House last adjourned and immediately call the House to order. Having examined and approved the Journal of the last day’s proceedings, the Speaker shall announce to the House his approval thereof. The Speaker’s approval of the Journal shall be deemed agreed to unless a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner demands a vote thereon. If such a vote is decided in the affirmative, it shall not be subject to a motion to reconsider. If such a vote is decided in the negative, then one motion that the Journal be read shall be privileged, shall be decided without debate, and shall not be subject to a motion to reconsider. Preservation of order 2. The Speaker shall preserve order and decorum and, in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or in the lobby, may cause the same to be cleared. Control of Capitol facilities 3. Except as otherwise provided by rule or law, the Speaker shall have general control of the Hall of the House, the corridors and passages in the part of the Capitol assigned to the use of the House, and the disposal of unappropriated rooms in that part of the Capitol. Signature of documents 4. The Speaker shall sign all acts and joint resolutions passed by the two Houses and all writs, warrants, and subpoenas of, or issued by order of, the House. The Speaker may sign enrolled bills and joint resolutions whether or not the House is in session. Questions of order 5. The Speaker shall decide all questions of order, subject to appeal by a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner. On such an appeal a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not speak more than once without permission of the House. Form of a question 6. The Speaker shall rise to put a question but may state it sitting. The Speaker shall put a question in this form: â€Å"Those in favor (of the question), say ‘Aye.’ †; and after the affirmative voice is expressed, â€Å"Those opposed, say ‘No.’ †. After a vote by voice under this clause, the Speaker may use such voting procedures as may be invoked under rule XX. Discretion to vote 7. The Speaker is not required to vote in ordinary legislative proceedings, except when his vote would be decisive or when the House is engaged in voting by ballot.

Analysis of The Threat of National ID :: William Safire

Threat of National ID In William Safire’s â€Å"The Threat of National ID†, he argues against a National ID card. Safire published an article in the New York Times to establish different context. Safire gives details about the use of National ID card at different places in different situations. He emphasizes that many Americans are willing to give up personal privacy in return for greater safety, but none of us have privacy regarding where we go and what we do all the time. Safire disputes that mandatory National ID become necessary for people to prevent fear of terror attack. Safire emphasizes his argument around a comparison of a lost dog with a newly developed chip fixed underneath their skin which would let animal shelter alert owner of their pets. He declares that using a chip to find a lost animal would be a good side of technology, whereas fear of terrorism has placed American in threat of trading our right to be let alone for the fake security.

Educational System in Nigeria Essay

Education in Nigeria is the shared responsibility of the federal, state and local governments. The Federal Ministry of Education plays a dominant role in regulating the education sector, engaging in policy formation and ensuring quality control. However, the federal government is more directly involved with tertiary education than it is with school education, which is largely the responsibility of state (secondary) and local (primary) governments. The education sector is divided into three sub-sectors: basic (nine years), post-basic/senior secondary (three years), and tertiary (four to seven years, depending on the major or course of study). Education in Nigeria is provided by public and private institutions. According to Nigeria’s National Policy on Education (2004), basic education covers education given to children 3-15 years of age, which includes pre-primary programs (ages three to five), and nine years of formal (compulsory) schooling consisting of six years of primary and three years of junior secondary. Post-basic education includes three years of senior secondary education in either an academic or technical stream. Continuing education options are provided through vocational and technical schools. The tertiary sector consists of a university sector and a non-university sector. The latter is composed of polytechnics, monotechnics and colleges of education. The tertiary sector as a whole offers opportunities for undergraduate, graduate, vocational and technical education. There are currently (2011) 117 federal, state and private universities accredited in Nigeria as degree-granting institutions. Information on all accredited universities is available on the National University Commission’s website. The academic year typically runs from September to July. Most universities use a semester system of 18 – 20 weeks. Others run from January to December, divided into 3 terms of 10 -12 weeks. Annually, an average of 1.5 million students take the Unified Tertiary and Matriculation Examination (UTME) for entrance into Nigerian universities, polytechnics and colleges of education. Universities have the capacity to absorb less than 40 percent of these test takers. The other 60 percent tend to go to their second and third choice categories of institutions—polytechnics and colleges of education. Many Nigerian students also apply to institutions abroad. In 2011, 40 percent of the students who sat for the UTME made the minimum cut-off grade of 200 (out of 400) for entry into Nigerian universities. There are currently various government reforms and initiatives aimed at improving the Nigerian educational system. These include the upgrade of some polytechnics and colleges of education to the status of degree-awarding institutions, the approval and accreditation of more private universities, and the dissemintaion of better education-related data, including the recently published Nigerian Educational Statistics (a publication assisted by USAID among others). However, with the recent announcement by Nigeria’s National Population Commission that Nigeria’s population is expected to hit 166 million by October 31, 2011 and that approximately 60 percent of this population will be between the ages of 13 and 45, the recent government initiatives fall far short of addressing the educational needs of the country. As a result, an increasing number of families and students are looking at alternative educational opportunities within the region and further abroad. Primary education (grades 1-6) is free and compulsory, and offered to children aged 6-12. The curriculum is geared toward providing permanent literacy, laying a sound basis for scientific, critical and reflective thinking, and also in equipping children with the core life skills to function effectively in society. In 2009, the gross enrollment ratio at the primary level was 89 percent (95 percent male and 84 percent female) according to UNESCO statistics. The net enrollment rate (as a percentage of children in the 6-12 age group) was a much lower 61 percent (male children 64 percent, female children 58 percent) in 2007 (UIS) suggesting that many students outside of the primary age group are attending primary school. In 2008, the primary to secondary transition rate was 44 percent, according to the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) EdData Profile. Under the new Universal Basic Education (UBE) system of 9-3-4, which replaced the former universal primary education scheme of 6-3-3-4, students attend six years of primary school and three years of junior secondary, thus nine years of compulsory and uninterrupted schooling. This is followed by three years of senior secondary schooling. Until 2006 entry to junior secondary education was based on the Common Entrance Examination, but entry is now automatic. The Junior Secondary School Certificate is awarded at the end of junior secondary school. Students who pass the Junior Secondary Certificate Examination (JSCE) at the credit level (see the grading system below) in not less than six subjects may proceed to senior secondary school (grade 10) at either the same institution, or they may transfer to another institution of their choice. Core subjects at the junior secondary level include: English, French, science, technology, Nigerian language (Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba), mathematics, and social studies. Students may also choose to study a number of elective subjects. A prevocational stream is also available to students looking to pursue technical or vocational training at the senior secondary level. A majority of senior secondary school students proceed in the academic stream from junior secondary school. However, there is also a technical stream, in addition to vocational training outside of the school system, or apprenticeship options offering a range of terminal trade and craft awards. Private organizations, community groups, religious bodies, and the federal and state governments establish and manage secondary schools in Nigeria. All private and public schools offer the same curriculum but most private schools include the Cambridge International Examination curriculum, which allows students to take the IGSCE examinations during their final year in high school. It is also important to note that some private schools offer GCE A-levels, which usually serve as a gap year after graduation for students that are interested. The common core curriculum at the senior secondary level consists of: English, one Nigerian language, mathematics, one science subject, one social science subject, and agricultural science or a vocational subject. In addition students must take three elective subjects, one of which may be dropped in the third year. Students take the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) at the end of grade 12. The Senior Secondary Certificate (SSC) is awarded to successful candidates. The certificate lists all subjects in which the student is successful. The SSCE replaced the West African GCE O and A levels in 1989, although those examinations are still available to students who wish to take them (see above). The SSC is issued by the West African Examination Council (WAEC) or the National Examination Council (NECO), depending on the examination board used. An average grade of ‘credit’ level (C6) or better is required for access to public universities; however some require higher grades for admission. The standards of the two examinations are essentially the same. Students register for a maximum of nine and a minimum of seven subjects, which must include mathematics and English. A student must get at least a C in English and four other courses relevant to his or her major in order to sit for the University Tertiary Matriculation Examination. A student applying for admission to study medicine, computer science or accounting, for example, will be required to have a minimum of a C in mathematics as well as in English whereas a student applying for a program in history will not necessarily require a C in mathematics.

The Song and Dance Man

Nicole Leroy Instructor Michelle Hudgens English 250 10 October 2012 The Song and Dance Man I choose the book The Song and Dance Man. This book was one of my favorites as a child. It was written by Karen Ackerman and illustrated by Stephen Gammell. The Song and Dance Man received the Caldecott Medal in 1989. The story is about grandchildren coming to visit their grandparents. The grandpa decided to show his grandchildren his past life as a song and dance man and what people did for entertain long before television. The theme of the story is that family is more important than being famous.He shows them that he appreciates his past but loves the life he currently has. The grandpa shows throughout the story how much he loves and cherishes his time with his grandchildren. He also shares with them his former life as a song and dance man on the vaudeville stage and what people use to do for entertainment. In the attic, the grandchildren see the posters of grandpa from the past realizing th at he was once a famous dancer and entertainer. The underlying message is that it is important to stay young at heart. Grandpa danced away even though he had to cushion the corns on his feet.In the story, the grandpa says, â€Å"I wonder if my tap shoes still fit? † all while he is smiling, knowing that the shoes will still fit. The grandpa shows the children that it is ok to make believe and use your imagination to have a good time by sharing his dancing and magic tricks. The grandchildren get to explore their own creativity by trying on old clothes pretending, singing and dancing their selves. The story is told from the point of view of the grandchildren. You can feel the admiration, respect, and love that they have for their grandfather.As the grandchildren watch their grandpa, they clap their hands and call out â€Å"Yay, Grandpa! † This sets the light-hearted, fun, loving mood and tone of the story. The language used by the narrator is calm, loving, with lots of e xcitement and amazement when grandpa begins to dance and becomes a different person, the song and dance man. The narrator shows his amazement when he says that the sounds coming from the shoes is too many to be made with only two feet. The children see their grandpa as a different person when he becomes the song and dance man.When they travel up the steps to the attic it is like they are going back in time. In the story it says, â€Å"We forget that it is grandpa dancing, and all we can hear is the silvery tap of two feet, and all we can see is song and dance man gliding across a vaudeville stage. Occasionally during his performance, he becomes grandpa again when he tries to cure the hiccups of one of the grandchildren. Then he is back to performing telling jokes and playing tricks. The performance is over, he puts the shoes and clothes back in the trunk and heads for the stairway and he is grandpa again.When the children come back down stairs he whispers, â€Å"He wouldn’t trade a million good days for the days he spends with us. † The silver half-moon tap shoes, top hats, and bow ties all symbolize grandpa’s past as an entertainer before he became a husband, father, and grandfather. The posters still hung in the attic shows his love of the past. When they return down stairs, grandpa glances back up the steps it symbolizes his appreciation and fondness of his past life as a song and dance man. The illustrator used many colors in a light, pastel in nature.The use of light instead of bright colors seems to set the stage for happy, calm, and relaxing setting. Two of the main colors used by the illustrator are red and yellow. These colors give a feeling of warmth, cheerfulness, and excitement. Some of the pictures have a lot of blue. The blue seems to represent the calm, serenity of the setting. The pictures have a lot of texture through the picture marts because they draw with some sort of colored pencils. The use of colored pencils helps a dd to the youthful, light heartedness, and fun of the story. Shading shows is used to show depth and at time darkness at the edge of the lighted areas.The illustrator used of lots of empty space in the pictures to show quiet, serene time. For example, at the beginning of the story, before the children arrived, the illustrations are small and do not take up the whole page. Later in the story when the grandpa is dancing, the pages are full of color and pictures to show excitement, movement of grandpa’s performance. The illustrator used many lines around characters and objects to show that they are moving. He used lots of lines, sometimes in a zig zag form, to show fast quick motions like when grandpa is dancing or tossing objects into the air.He used fewer lines to show slower movements and no lines to show lack of movement. The objects in the picture are random and tilted in places to show the relaxed nature of the environment at the grandparents’ house. In the end of t he story, the grandpa and grandchildren returned down the stairs, back to present time, where grandma has dinner ready. He hugs his grandchildren showing them that even though he loved his song and dance life, he loves his grandchildren more. He would not trade them for no amount of fame.

Charlie Gordon

Charlie Gordon is the hero of a flower for Algernon. Charlie is a 33-year-old adult with mental retardation. Especially in a family who struggled to adapt to his illness and experienced a very difficult childhood, he wants to be very smart. Charlie has a good attitude towards changing his life and will make every effort to complete his clever job. Charlie underwent surgery to improve his intelligence. It was done only with the mouse, especially the mouse named Algernon. In the book by Daniel Keys' Flower for Algernon there is a chance to become a genius through surgery for the mentally disabled person Charlie Gordon. Charlie Gordon is the subject of the experiment to increase intelligence. The experiment was successful, Charlie Gordon became a genius. However, he has many emotional problems and understands how serious he is receiving. Finally, as he got dull again, could Charlie Gordon get a better surgery? It is not well understood. When Charlie was stupid, he was very happy. He thi nks he has friends, everyone likes him. But when he got better, he noticed his so-called friends were not his friends. He said: When I am late, I have a lot of friends, now I do not have anyone.Oh, I know a lot of people.It is a lot of people.This is my friend I do not mean anything to me, what it means (p.174) Charlie Gordon's brave Charlie Gordon is a hero, regardless of wisdom, for his bravery. Charlie's intelligence is slow, but his courage depends on what he intellects. I said that I was taken care of because I did not have anything, I am very strong and always fine, my rabbit's leg is next to me 11) Author Daniel Case, Charlie's obstacles are shown using misspelled words and highlights

Nteroperability in EHR implementations Analyze and communicate Article

Nteroperability in EHR implementations Analyze and communicate necessary data from EHR systems - Article Example However, their frequency and lack of necessity often incline to fatigue. Alert fatigue is a serious problem affecting health officers and physicians alike. Despite the safety precautions meant by these alerts, their frequency often results in the physician in question ignoring the alert all together (AHIMA 34). In such a case, the alerts are considered irrelevant and can often result in situations where even the important alerts are disregarded. According to recent studies, the ignore rate for these alerts ranges between eighty and ninety percent. This problem can be mitigated by reducing the number of alerts that pop up during a prescription. In most cases, prescribers are even unsure of why these alerts are generated in the first place. Thus, it would be vital to advice the relevant physicians and medical practitioners on the importance of these alerts (AHIMA 37). At the same time, alerts should be assigned in such a way that they only pop up to the appropriate practitioner to reduce fatigue. For instance, an alert meant for a physician should not appear in the screen when a pharmacist is describing drugs to a patient. This way, unnecessary alerts would be overridden, which would ultimately help in the reduction of alert fatigue. A request for proposal, commonly referred to as RFP, is a formal request that is often sent by a solicitor to a vendor. The RFP seeks to find out specific responses about the company, its products and its services that meet the requirements needed by the organization. Generally, an RFP includes a comprehensive summary of related costs for both software and hardware, and services for training, support, consulting and implementation (AHIMA 41). On the other hand, an RFI, which is a request for information, is used by an organization in an attempt at soliciting information about products and services being offers by the vendors (AHIMA 48). This is commonly considered as a

McDonald's Advertising Campaign Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McDonald's Advertising Campaign - Term Paper Example The current Mcdonald’s advertising campaign is referred to as the ‘I’m lovin’ it’ campaign. This campaign extends to international borders and has been implemented in virtually every advertising medium available within the contemporary media climate. While many might have expected this advertising campaign to be developed by an American firm, in actuality it was constructed by an advertising agency located in Unterhaching, Germany referred to as DDB Worldwide Communications Group, Inc. Rather than debuting the campaign in the United States, the ‘I’m lovin’ it’ campaign was debuted in Australia and that later throughout parts of Europe and ultimately the United States. It seems in structuring the campaign in such a way McDonald’s was able to in a sense test out their advertising and fine-tune its various elements before debuting it in the larger Western markets. This strategy has a number of beneficial elements, namel y that despite pre-debut polling and surveys, the actual reception of the marketing campaign is not entirely discernable until after it is received within the public context; as a result numerous logistical and thematic errors can be worked out before it ultimately hits the most pivotal Western market. When it finally did debut in the USA on June 29, 2003 it did so with a large amount of fanfare. During its debut the campaign slogan was accompanied by the music of Tom Batoy and Franco Tortora (Mona Davis Music) and vocals by Justin Timberlake. In including such a large name (indeed, Justin Timberlake was at the top of the pop culture world at the time of this campaign) allowed McDonalds to significantly establish their new message and distinguish it from past advertising incarnations (Dicker 2010). In these regards, the debut functions as more than just a means of drawing significant attention to the product (which is one of the primary concerns), but it also functions to draw atten tion to the significant shift in tone and message from previous McDonald’s campaigns. This is important as it indicates that the campaign often does not simply signify a renewed approach to promotion, but oftentimes represents a philosophical shift in the nature of nature of the company’s vision. As advertising campaigns are implemented they oftentimes have been demonstrated to make subtle shifts within their production mechanisms. The McDonald’s ‘I’m Lovin It’ campaign is ne exception in these regards. Despite debuting with one set slogan and approach to promotion as the campaign progressed new forms of presentation were included; for instance, in 2007 a public casting call was issued which resulted in nearly 15,000 applicants (‘The Latest from McDonald’s’). From this pool twenty-four were selected and integrated into the advertising campaign. These individuals’ images and themes of inspiration were implemented on McDonald’s products throughout the world. This last method was a highly effective means of altering the campaign through becoming more directly involved in the customer’s perspective. Rather than simply relying on ad executives to determine what constitutes effective promotion, allowing actual customers to become involved functions to create a sort of raw and direct appeal to the audience. This method went beyond traditional television and print advertising, truly

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 55

Summary - Essay Example It is argued secondly that hope is caused by merits, and therefore doesn’t qualify as a virtue. However, Aquinas contends that the occurrence of hope in itself is not based on merits but instead on the desire for happiness, which is virtuous. The last stated problem with hope being a virtue is the imperfect nature of hope, explained as a wish for something that is lacking. Aquinas states that while the desire is imperfect, hope is perfection in that it is reflective of faith in God’s rule and influence. The second article questions if eternal happiness is indeed the object of hope. Objections include denial that humans need to hope for eternal happiness since it is a constant state of the soul, examples of hope being for things other than eternal happiness, and the suggestion that hope deals with many difficulties other than eternal happiness. The replies to these issues state that eternal happiness is veiled and thus not experienced as a constant state by humans, prayers should not be for things other than eternal happiness, and all other desires should seem small in comparison to eternal happiness. In article three, Aquinas discusses the possibility of one person wishing for the eternal happiness of another. He argues that this is not possible since hopes for another person are not acts of hope at all, but are instead acts of love. Article four investigates the lawfulness of being hopeful in another person. The author’s position is that hope may be placed in a person as long as it is not believed to be virtuous hope, which is reserved for God. Discussion of the fifth article is very similar to the first. In response to arguments against the nature of hope as a theological virtue, Aquinas relates several examples that are meant to relate hope as being divinely based regardless of its superficial appearance. The distinction of hope from other theological virtues is the topic of article six. It is suggested that this