black and white :: essays research papers

Change as changing times and techology................. People often use theseterms without realizing that word CHANGE has neither a denotation nor aconnotation of advancement,improvement or progress a change can takeplace at any direction forward, backward, up and downward In common,plain English, speaker is required to specify the condition and direction ofChange as the expressions ar used to define the changing subject matter asin "change for the better" "change for the worse" Those who promote andseek change in society, by their misuse of the word CHANGE, mostly willmisrepresent their agenda or program for change in existing conditions andstations of their community. Beware when you hear the talk of changingsociettyI am going to hold open this paper through the eyes of someone else, who had a impact on my life. As it made me realize the number of different shipway people are being taught about a specific issue. It was at the beginning of my freshmen semester, I went into a classroom without the intentions of it having any impact of my life. What I did not know was that this shape held not only a vision for the future but also answers to my past.Growing up, I was influenced by a society that was inhabited almost solo by blacks. For that reason only, I have been completely aware of any bias or unfair treatment to minorities. Because of this upbringing, I found many incidences discussed in this one class I was in quite believable. However, my views on our society and the educational system have been broadened which leads me to believe that the teachers of the future now have the strike to a fair, unbias education for each student that enters the school. As she seen me in class, and I seen the curiousty in those blue eyes, I knew it was only time before we were going to leaven the differences in our lives as well as our values, As time went on we learned that we shared some of the same hurdles growing up. The death of a sibling as well as the experience at multiple schools as "the new student" are just a few of the ways in me and her that were quite similar. As many people know, dealing with issues like this can be quite hazardous to how a young child develops into a functioning adult. She would say to me, the course discussions and lectures that I experienced had a dynamic impact on my personal beliefs and values.

Language in Dante’s Inferno Essay -- Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

Language in Dantes Inferno What happens to wrangle in conflagration? In Dantes Inferno, the journeying pilgrim explores languages variations and nuances as he attempts to communicate with hells pitiable and sordid inhabitants, condescension multiple language barriers and relentless cacophonies. Dante thematically unifies languages inconsistencies in hell that is, he associates the pilgrims abortive attempts to communicate with particular shades, and the incomprehensible languages and sounds that beleaguer him, with a type from Christian mythology the Tower of Babel. Dante juxtaposes this Christian myth with Virgils symbolic association with elevated speech in the Inferno. Virgil functions as the pilgrims guide and poetical inspiration, and despite his position in hell as a pagan, Virgil still transmits divinely-inspired language to his pupil. Thus, notwithstanding his amorphous physicality as a shade in hell, Virgil represents lucidity and focused thought, which comforts the pi lgrim and provides a reprieve from hells dissonant sounds. Ultimately, the pilgrims relationship to language is multifarious it enables the pilgrim to connect with Virgil and discover his place in the tradition of famous poets through divinely-inspired and intimate speech yet, it isolates and horrifies him when it is incomprehensible, amplifying his individual suffering thus, ultimately drawing him closer to his understanding of the shades own torture. Virgils novice language spawns partially from Beatrice, a divine inhabitant of heaven, who worries about the well-being of the pilgrim, and partially from his status in a long tradition of famous poets, spring with Homer. Yet, despite Virgils association with enlightened and elevated ... ... His relationship to Virgil is enriched by their similar relationship to language as poets, and by the challenge of creating a poetic legacy on earth that counters the legacy of the tower of Babel in hell. Ultimately, the pilgrims desire ref lects the reality of Dantes own legacy, one that is immeasurably influential. Works CitedAlighieri, Dante. The Inferno. Vol 1. Trans. Robert M. Durling. in the raw York Oxford UP, 1996.Barolini, Teodolinda. Dantes Poets Textuality and Truth in the Comedy. Princeton Princeton UP, 1984.Dronke, Peter. Dante and Medieval Latin Traditions. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1986.Durling, Robert M., Ronald L. Martinez. Notes. The Inferno. Vol 1. By Dante Alighieri. Trans. Robert M. Durling. New York Oxford UP, 1996.Eco, Umberto. Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages. Trans. Hugh Bredin. New Haven, CT. Yale UP, 1986.

Sartys Transformation in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay

Sartys Transformation in William Faulkners Barn Burning In William Faulkners story, Barn Burning, we find a young man who struggles with the relationship he has with his incur and his own moral sense. We see Sarty, the young man, develop into an adult while dealing with the many crude actions and ways of Abner, his father. We see Sarty as a confuse youth that examples the questions of faithfulness to his father or faithfulness to himself and the society he lives in. His struggle dealing with the reactions that are caused by his fathers action result in him thought more for himself as the story progresses. The first instance in which we can see a transition from childhood to adulthood in Sartys life is in the way he compliments his father. Sarty admires his father very much and wishes that things could change for the better throughout the story. At the beginning of the story he speaks of how his fathers wolf-like in cypherence causes his family to depend on almost no one (Faulkn er 155). He believes that they live on their own because of his fathers drive for survival. When Sarty mentions the way his father commands his sisters to clean a rug with hurtle though never raising his voice it shows how he sees his father as strict, but not overly demanding (Faulkner 159). He seems to begin to feel dissent towards his father for the way he exercises his authority in the household. As we near the end of the story, Sartys compliments become sparse and have a different tone skirt them. After running from the burning barn, he spoke of his dad in an almost heroic sense. He wanted everyone to remember his dad as a brave man, he was in the war and should be known for it, not burning barns (Faulkner 154)... ...r from a person of innocence into a person with a conscience in Sarty. Faulkner gradually develops Sarty into a man of his own deeds throughout the story. Sarty has to finally realize that blood is not always thicker than water. Faulkners story symbolizes the wa y in which society works today. If one individual is doing wrong, you must overlook the relationship you have with him and look at the wrong deeds he is doing. If you happen to face your fears and set strait the wrong, in the end, the good will always prevail. Works CitedFaulkner, William. Barn Burning. Literature, Compact Edition. Edgar V. Roberts, Henry E. Jacobs. New Jersy Prentice-Hall, 1990. 154-167.Ford, Marilyn Claire. Narrative Legerdenain Evoking Sartys Future in Barn Burning. Mississippi Quarterly, Summer 98, Issue 3 51. Academic Search Elite. GALILEO. 25 Sept. 2000.

Get Back to Work! :: essays research papers

A couple of months ago, my company installed a system to record the phone calls of certain employees. They set the recorder to record only the employees who corroborate outside contacts with customers, regulatory boards, or contract personnel. The company implemented this system to resolve conflicts, clarify positions, protect the integrity of the companys contracts and verbal commitments, and declare oneself for sales and customer service training. Naturally, this did not go over well with some of the employees who thought this was an invasion of their privacy. Some of the employees started using their cell phones or separate company phones to make their personal calls. Others would complain to their coworkers and supervisors about the companys disrespect for their privacy. I believe that employees should not be bothered by the item the company is recording their phone calls because the phones are company property and employees are being paid to work. Employees seem to believe that their assigned phone is their phone and they erect do with it as they please. It is a privilege to have a phone and employees seem to take their phones for granted. The company is paying for the phones and providing them to their employees for business purposes. It follows the same principles of the computer employees should not browse certain types of web pages and the company can actually record Internet activity and other computer activity quite easily. Legally, nothing employees do on their phones is private and privacy is not implied. Employees also should not be making personal calls that are not appropriate. If an employee is talking about inappropriate subjects they should not be talking about it at work, period. If the employee does not want their conversations recorded, they should not have them at work. Employees could use their cell phones to negate the recording system, but stack will know that they are on a personal call. They can also go to another desk to make their personal phone calls, but this would stiff that they are not working.While at work, employees should be working on their assigned tasks. Of course, I am not saying that they should not be up to(p) to do some personal activities. Employees should be able to take breaks, gossip with coworkers, take care of personal business, and make personal phone calls, but these activities should be limited and should not disturb an employees performance.

A computer system consists of hardware and software. :: Computer Science

A figurer system consists of hardware and software.A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardwareis theequipment, which makes up the computer system. Hardware consists of- Input devices such as keyboard, snarf, joystick- The Central Processing Unit (CPU)- Output devices such as a printer, monitor, graph plotter- Backing storage devices such as disc drive, hard drive- Media such as discs, tapes, paper etcThere is hardware that I used is Mouse Keyboard Printer MonitorA tracker junky black eye====================A tracker ball mouse is an input device and similar to a mouse but theball is set into a cup on the top of the unit. A finger or, on largertracker balls the palm of the hand, is used to weave the ball in anydirection. The ball controls the movement of the pointer on the test. Buttons on the tracker ball work in the same way as mousebutons to activate processes on the screen. My alternative of using amouse with a tracker ball would be a mouse without a tracker ball.Benefit========* A tracker ball does not require a large flat surface.Drawbacks==========* Most people find them a bit fiddly* Not accurate* Not quietchoice Mouse without a tracker ball=========================================The pointer on the monitor screen mirrors the movement of the mouse bythe users hand. Under the mouse is a ball, which rolls as the mouseis moved. This movement of he ball causes two shafts to rotate insidethe mouse one shaft records the movement in the north-south directionand the other shaft records the east-west movement. When the screenpointer is over a0n icon or menu selection, the mouse button can beclicked, double clicked or dragged to activate a process. Some mice incur a small wheel as well as the buttons. The function of the wheeldepends on the software being used on the computer in a document, itcan allow the user to scroll up and down in a desktop publishingpackage, it might enable the user to purr in and out of the page. Overa period of time , the performance of the mouse can deteriorate as theball and shafts collect dust and dirt. Some ultramodern mice use a lightbeam and detector to register movements instead off the mouse ball.Many mice now use infrared or wireless links to the computer, whichremoves the need to have a connecting cable.Benefit========* It is easy and convenient to use* It is inexpensive* Most modern software includes an option to use it.* It selects a position on the screen more quickly than is possible

A computer system consists of hardware and software. :: Computer Science

A computer system consists of hardware and software.A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardwareis theequipment, which makes up the computer system. Hardware consists of- Input devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick- The Central Processing Unit (CPU)- Output devices such as a printer, monitor, graph machinator- Backing storage devices such as disc drive, hard drive- Media such as discs, tapes, paper etcThere is hardware that I used is shiner Keyboard Printer MonitorA tracker stumblebum mouse====================A tracker orb mouse is an input device and similar to a mouse but the puffiness is set into a cup on the top of the unit. A finger or, on largertracker balls the palm of the hand, is used to roll the ball in bothdirection. The ball controls the movement of the pointer on the cover charge. Buttons on the tracker ball work in the same way as mousebutons to activate processes on the screen. My choice of using amouse with a tracker ball would be a mouse with out a tracker ball.Benefit========* A tracker ball does not require a large flat surface.Drawbacks==========* Most people find them a bit fiddly* Not accurate* Not quietALTERNATIVE Mouse without a tracker ball=========================================The pointer on the monitor screen mirrors the movement of the mouse bythe users hand. Under the mouse is a ball, which rolls as the mouseis moved. This movement of he ball causes two shafts to rotate insidethe mouse one shaft records the movement in the north-south directionand the other shaft records the east-west movement. When the screenpointer is over a0n flick or menu selection, the mouse button can beclicked, double clicked or dragged to activate a process. Some mice project a small wander as well as the buttons. The function of the wheeldepends on the software being used on the computer in a document, itcan offer the user to scroll up and down in a desktop publishingpackage, it might enable the user to zoom in and out of the pa ge. all overa period of time, the performance of the mouse can deteriorate as theball and shafts collect dust and dirt. Some modern mice use a let downbeam and detector to register movements instead off the mouse ball.Many mice now use infrared or wireless links to the computer, whichremoves the need to have a connecting cable.Benefit========* It is easy and convenient to use* It is inexpensive* Most modern software includes an option to use it.* It selects a position on the screen more quickly than is possible

Book Analysis: No Matter How Loud I Shout: A Year in the Life of Juvenile Court Essay

A Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Humes dedicated a year of his life researching Californias teen justice system His book, No Matter How Loud I Shout A Year in the Life of Juvenile Court is inspired from this experience. Humes has written a moving tale of Californias juvenile justice system and the children who pass through it. This c befully researched book chronicles the arrests of seven teenagers and their experiences both in juvenile court, and while helping time.The book in addition describes the legal processes and interactions between prosecutors, public, private defenders, and judges that decide the fates of these teenagers The book begins by shedding light on the development of rights for Juvenile Delinquents. In the 1960s sentencing for juvenile offenders was entirely left to the mercy of the judge since as minors they were not granted the same legal rights as an adult even so this practice allowed an Arizona Judge to conviction a teenager to six years in jail for ma king just an obscene phone call. 3 years later when the Supreme Court overturned the conviction it ruled that juvenile delinquents could not face sentences more severe than adults This particular ruling, though safeguarding delinquents from the whims of an fanatical judge has also allows those who have committed serious juvenile offences to receive sentences which are more lenient than those visageed by the severity of the crime. This ruling and its consequences in determine the life of Juvenile delinquents forms the cornerstone of Humes book .When Humes wrote his book the natural law in California allowed only offenders cardinal years old and up to be tried in adult court. This has proved to be an arbitrary and extremely infuriating cut off for both the prosecutors and the Judges. The reason for contention is that this law often allows a delinquent who is just a few months short of a sixteenth birthday being given a lesser sentence for a crime quite severe in nature while a deli nquent who is just barely a few months over sixteen is a given a longer sentence for a crime of a less severe natureIn his book Humes illustrates the inequity that delinquents have to suffer as a result of this ruling. He follows the case of 15-year-old Ronald Duncan from a middle class family with no prior criminal record. Duncan was accused of two-fold homicide when he shot his employers at point-blank range. The motive for the crime a few hundred dollars and revenge for a petty reprimand by his employer on being late for work. But because Ronald was still a few days short from his 16th birthday at the time of his crime the maximum sentenced he received was eight years and would be released by his 25th birthday with a clean record.The author draws a parallel between this case and Geri Vance some other case he has been following. This 16-year-old was forced to participate in a motel robbery by two drug dealers. When the robbery was botched Gerri ended up get arrested because he withalk his wounded partner to hospital and sacrificed a chance to flee. Geri lacked a pre-meditated intention to commit this crime, a determination to reform, an excellent record in juvenile hall, the fact that he had not fired his gun and that he had taken a wounded man to hospital.How can they charge me with murder? I neer even fired my gun at anyone, Geri tells the Intake Officer, which is perfectly true and, legally at least, completely irrelevant. I was forced to take part in that robbery. I didnt want to do it, but I gave in. I know I have to do some time for that, I experience that. But Im no killer. (Humes 1997, 13) But despite all this he still ended up facing potential life custody when his cohort died of his wounds because he had already turned sixteen and was treated like an adult.This is definitely a much severer penalty than the one imposed on Duncan who purposely shot two people with the intent to kill them. However Gerry did get lucky on a plea bargain and hi s sentence was reduced to 12 years, still longer than the time served by Duncan Geri Vance, the would-be motel robber the murder defendant who killed no one faces life in prison without possibility of parole, and go out almost certainly get it. Ronald Duncan, the shotgun killer, can serve no more than eight years, and probably will do less. He can never see the inside of a state penitentiary.After his release, his record will be wiped clean, as if it never existed, the files sealed by state law, so that he can move freely, run for office, own a gun. (Humes 1997, 15) In his book Hume tries to establish that three out of four juveniles who are arrested under the age of 16 walk away with minor punitive action. This has resulted in an increasing incidence of repeat offenders. He states that in California, repeat offenders account for almost 16 share of the total crime committed y juvenile delinquents. However these repeat offenders only get serious and deterring punishment when the ir offences progress to the most serious levels.Until that happens the juveniles are not actually deterred from committing a crime because of the lax punitive measures. In his book Humes mentions that an experienced judge can predict the punishment meted out to a juvenile just by looking at the size of the file. When a file is a sixteen of an inch, it will almost certainly end in probation. A quarter to a half inch, add some time in the hall. An inch or so in thickness and the likely sentence is one of the countys two dozen juvenile camps. And over two inches, the kid is probably a Sixteen Percenter. (Humes 1997, 35)Another major get out that Hume discusses in his book, is the fact that juvenile offenders with financial resources receive much more lenient sentences. He states that rich kids get their sentences tailored according to them while the scurvy kids receive sentences tailored to their crimes. He cites that this injustice occurs because rich kids and their parents can hir e lawyers who prove to the judge through character witnesses that the rich kid is a law abiding and morally righteous and that his criminal behaviour is a deviant occurrence which can be corrected through rehabilitation and does not warrant a long sentence.However the poorer kid cannot prove the case for rehabilitation and ends up with a longer prison sentence. Hume discusses the need to reform the young offender. Offenders should be caught ahead of time at the age of 13 or even before that when they first start to cut school and commit their first offence or right after they join their official gang. And, finally, when I was growing up, I learned how to load bullets into a gun. I learned how to carry it and aim it, and I learned how to shoot at the enemy, to be there for my homeboys, no matter what (Humes 1997, 17)Currently the system doesnt focusing on reforming those who are caught early because it is too overburdened in punishing those that it has allowed to become repeat offen ders and commit serious crimes. Hume sites that there is a lack of proper rehabilitation facilities to accommodate those who can attain and reform as a result. Rather than release young juvenile offenders parole send them to rehabilitation camp can prove to be a greater deterrent that can cause them to abandon their life of crime and escape serious punitive action in the future.Hume ends his book by advocating that that early prevention programs targeting kids with high-risk profile can yield positive results and reduce the incidence of absenteeism from school, first time drug use and repeat offences. He also notes that there is greater support to change the Law and have all juvenile delinquents be treated as adults and warrant serious punishments attributable to their crimes. though this would definitely ensure that the Ronald Duncans of the world get what they deserve it would also mean turning a blind eye on the countless kids who could have been meliorate through a rehabilitat ion program.

Beauty and Goodness

We make up discussed before a question whether art necessarily has to improve us morally and think that not all art has moral impact, or is morally relevant. But think about the following questions, please explain each in expound 1) Is a acidulate with a moral message a better work because of this, than the work without any moral relevance?I believe that on general terms a work is better with a moral message than without one, meaning that its having a moral message is not the only gradation of a work of art but that it is better because it reflects a consciousness, a responsibility on the part of the artist, of trying to make a statement, of sharing his tolerate to all the eyes that will look at the art work. An artist will eventually die, a work of art has more chances of surviving by the years, and it will be his testament.If it will survive then it would be better if it can show the coming generations a grain of truth on the homophile condition. 2) Could an immoral work be praised as artistically successful? Personally I do not believe that an immoral work could be praised as artistically successful. Should art have no meaning but simply satisfy aesthetic taste? Could we look past the effect of a work of art and just choose to look at aspects of it and not its wholeness including the statement it makes?An immoral work goes against the virtue that we recognize as beautiful and in this it seems that human nature is innately good, as we associate what is good with what is beautiful. It is only when we disassociate with what our emotions and our instinct tells us that we take a calculating look and adjudicate a work based on rigid standards. 3) Are worthiness and beauty in any way related in real brio? I believe that in goodness we see beauty, but not all things beautiful truly have goodness.We know of beautiful faces but have evil hearts, but we also know of good hearts but may not come in what society brands as beautiful. However, when there is go odness in heart and spirit, we feel safe and good about ourselves and others as well, and we see the beauty in things. After all, all things have beauty and goodness in the as long as we look for it and what is good is the beautiful in them.

The Human Resource Management

This paper is written from the perspective that homosexual Resource Man jump onment (HRM) practices ar continually evolving to meet the changes of dynamic calculate environments. New technologies, to a greater extent(prenominal) and more rapid exchanges of information, social paradigm shifts and the restructuring of family systems contri neverthelesse heavily to the requisite to find and apply methods of HRM that meet the ask of industry, proletarians and consumers. To do so effectively, lot and creativity are required in growth to on-going awareness of the bottom line.At the opening of the twentieth century, the majority of jobs in America were held in cardinal areas, agriculture and industry. Population distribution tables for that m demonstrate that most of the nation inhabited rural areas rather than urban areas. This continued to be the trend up until WWII, when men left the country to fight and women left rural America to fill factory jobs as their contribution to t he war effort. This give noticement was the beginning of across the nation study and social changes that have accelerated during the last half of the 20th century.The move from rural to suburban environments changed the course we did business as a nation. Where blanket(a) families resided in and supported each other in culturally defined rural settings, nuclear families found themselves al genius in homogenous neighborhoods. (1) This created a pick out for goods and services that were formerly provided by extended family and community members, opening up new markets and creating jobs. It also created the need to recognize the management of workers as a break off and formal discipline.As we move into the 21st century we can trace our nations business growth over the last 100 years. We moved from an agrarian petty(a) to an industrial one. By the mid-50s the majority of jobs were found in factories. Manufacturing suffered heavy blows during the late 60s and early seventies an d was displaced by the service industry. With the closing of the 20th century those services have become change magnitudely technological.Surviving those changes requires adaptation, not only in the retooling of physical plants and the retraining workers, but also in the style we manage those workers. Some feel that there appears to be an underlying theme in books and papers on the subject of HRM, that there is only one plant way to manage muckle. (2) Maslow on Management offers a a good deal different approach, demonstrating conclusively that one size does not fit all i.e., that different people need to be managed differently.HMR models operating on the assumption that there is a whizz right way to manage people are using workplace criteria that are quickly becoming a thing of the past. The one way model views people working for an organization as employees who work full time and are solely dependent on that organization for their livelihood and their gos. These employees ge nerally were viewed as subordinates with limited or very narrow skill sets. (3)These images of the worker whitethorn have been valid some(prenominal) decades ago. However, today every one of these images has become insupportable. magic spell the majority of people working for an organization may be categorise as employees, a very large and steadily growing minority by working for the organization no longer work as employees, but instead as outsource contractors.The concept of subordinate positions is fading as swell, even in those areas that are considered fairly low level. As technology becomes increasingly more complex special k promptlyledge is required in all operations. Subordinates, increasing their skill sets, become associates. The secretary, with knowledge of specialized software, becomes the Administrative Assistant. In establish for the organization to run smoothly, the individual who does his job well, often has more knowledge about his job than his boss. (4) For example, the vice president of marketing may know a great deal about selling, but nothing about market research, pricing, packaging, service, or sales forecasting. Workers in these positions may report to the vice president, but are often experts in their own areas.Formerly, lower technological expectations and a firmly established hierarchy allowed general managers to delegate narrowly defined force-out responsibilities to those carrying out as specialists. Today however, such practices would be inefficient to the point of being considered static, and moldiness be replaced. To give out to do so would be to ignore and fail to address the many unprecedented pressures that demand a comprehensive and more strategic view in relation to the organizations human resources.From the view point of normal Management, what does the organization need? The General Mangement picture of HRM is viewed from a global perspective, as demonstrated by a field of study of Fortune 500 CEOs in 1989. The results of that survey de termined that effective management of Human Resources must address corporate ineluctably in the eight following areas1. Increasing international competition makes the need for greatly improved human production mandatory. The crisis experienced in both the automobile and steel industries serve as clear illustrations. Foreign management practices, curiously Japanese management models, are being mapd to guide developing HRM techniques, especially those that seem to increase employee commitment while providing companies with a long term source of workers with necessary competencies and skills.2. As organizations increase in size and complexity layer upon layer of management has resulted in expensive, but not particularly effective, bureaucracies. octuple layers of management also serve to isolate workers from the competitive environment in which organizations operateas well as company policy makers. Its hoped that a reduction of middle management laye ring provide put workers closer to the competitive environment, fostering commitment to the organization as well as sharpening the competitive edge. transnational companies have additional challenges in managing human resources, and need to adapt policies to work within diverse cultures and vastly different social values.3. Some companies may strikingness declining markets or slower growth, handicapping the organizations ability to offer advancement opportunities and job security. How then to attract and retrain a competent and highly skilled work stick?4. Greater government involvement in human resource practices generates a need to re-examine HRM policies and mandates the development of new policies. For example, the Americans with Disabilities Act forced the revision of HRM policies in companies across the nation.5. Americas workforce has become increasingly more educated making it necessary to rethink assumptions about employee capabilities and the delegation of responsibilit ies. Under practice of employee talent is a major cause of workforce turnover.6. Expectations and the values of the workforce are changing, particularly those values and expectations relative to authority. This fosters a need to reexamine how much involvement and influence workers should be given. Means of voicing employee concerns and addressing those concerns with due process need to be provided.7. As workers become more concerned with feel and career satisfaction corporations are revisiting traditional career paths and seeking more alternative career paths that take into consideration employee lifestyle needs.8. Demographic shifts in the workforce, particularly the infusion of women and minorities into organizations, are causing corporations to reexamine all policies, practices and values that impact the treatment, responsibilities, and advancement of these groups. (5)How do universal General Management issues affect HRM departments and practices? While narrower in telescope than those concerns voiced by General Management, impact areas identified by HRM professionals closely mirrored major corporate needs identified by General Managers.Human Resource professionals, in an effort to meet the needs of both worker and organization, have examined ways to ensure a desired working environment while increasing productivity. In the early 1990s, the advisory board of the Commerce Clearing House were asked to identify the issues that they felt would shape the role of human resource functions in the next decade. Commerce Clearing House advisory board members saw four main HRM areas where current issues would influence the role of the human resource function in the near future compensation communication and personnel practices employment relations and Equal Employment Opprtunity requirments. (6)Compensation issues focused on the diversity of worker needs, pay-for-performance plans, and the regulation of employee wellbeing plans. Flexibility and adaptability in HRM practices are primary breaks in addressing worker needs. Job sharing, staggered scheduling and flex time are some of the outcomes generated by creative approaches to HRM practices. Pay-for-performance plans hold the allure of rewarding productivity while providing monetary motivating. Successful implementation of such practices, however, require effective performance evaluations. To attempt such compensation without valid, reliable, and standard assessment instruments is to court litigation.Fairness is a national concern strongly affecting human resource managers. Personnell plansfocused soley on organizational needs must be abandoned to benefit workers and organizations alike. One example is the growing social phenomena of two career couples. As the numbers increase nepotism policies must be reexamined. Managing change and preparing people for change also require HRM professionals to rethink policy. New demands for an increase in functions such as retraining evolve as workers mo ve through change.Training and professional development are crucial in all areas of operation. Even the lowest clerk needs to stay abreast of the in vogue(p) innovations brought on by technical advancement. The march of technology, however, not only changes jobs, it makes some of them redundant or obsolete. In an era of company reconfiguration it becomes apparent that layoffs and divestirtures will pass by when retraining isnt an option. Outplacement policies must be considered and developed in prep of the need. HRM professionals also understand the need for the development of effective HR auditing instruments to measure employee perceptions of management directness and the climate for effective communication within the company. The information obtained by employee attitude surveys can be greatly beneficial to supervisors, but only if theyve been trained to use it. (7)The legal environment of personnell management is many fingered and quite comprehensive. In addition to regulati ons stemming from the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), passed in 1970, HRM is greatly abnormal by the broad umbrella of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) regulation. As well as protecting workers form discrimination based on race, color, or creed, EEO serves workers in many other areas. Age discrimination also falls under this umbrella. With an increasing number of age discrimination suits, organizations need to develp a sensitvity to age issues and policy specific to older employees.A recent off shoot of EEO is the American with Disablities Act (ADA). ADA has created a need for new policies and procedures in accommidating employees with handicaps and disabilities. The appear legal view that Acquired Immune Deficiancy Syndrome (AIDS) is a handicap brings policy incertitudes about AIDS testing to the forefront. There is great potential for conflict in providing for the needs of other employees and creates an HRM channel that must be carefully navigated.Benefit plans tha t are regulated by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) require special attention. Companies must be prepared to provide resources that not only offer such plans but also impeccably manage those employee benefit plans. Failure to do so will lead to subsequent suits by employees challenging plans that are out of compliance with ERISA disclosure, reporting and fiduciary standards are problematic.Governemnt regulation is also partly creditworthy for shifting attention from union group representation to regulations and policies that emphasize the rights of individual employees. It is mandatory that this factor be taken into consideration in personnel think and policy making. The role of unions as bargaining units is on the decline and will continue to diminish as bargaining relationships become increasingly stable. This translates to decreased overcome activity and fewer actions filed with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).While that is a positive outcome the tr ade-off must be recognized, prepared and accounted for. While businesses will see fewer strikes, they can expect to see increasing numbers of employment-at-will and wrongful discharge suits. An additional considertion affects employers who contract temporary employees. This practice is experiencing an increasing number of suits by temporary employees alleging unlawful activity. This surely influences staffing policy decisions.It should come as no surprise that such pressures have created the need for a great emphasis on the human aspect of business. With something so seemingly obvious the qustion is why hasnt this human aspect been addressed before? It may be due, in part, to the tendency to educate, develop, and train managers to fixate on analytical and technical aspects while assuming that business as usual in dealing with employees was sufficient to crusade productivity.So why are companies now hoping to find solutions to business problems in the human side of enterprise? The answer lies in part to growing societal pressures. Concern over the condition of blue-color jobs in the 1930s, as well as civil rights and equal opportunity legislation in the 1960s and 1970s, has paved the way to revamping HRM policies to recognize and respond to shifting social values. More simply put, other approaches to improve employee productivity and organizational effectiveness havent worked. (9)The area of single most impact on worker performance lies outside of the work environment. Family needs are the primary cause of absenteeism, tardiness, and lower productivity. (9) The here are several factors creating this phenomena. First there is the steady flow of women into the work place. In 1970, 20.2% of women worked outside the home. That figure grew to 73.8% in 1995. The increase in two career couples has assisted families in reaching financial stability and filled a need for personal satisfaction. It has also, however, created a void in care giving that was traditionally a cleaning womans role. Another major cause of family issues impact is the increasing number of single parent homes. Single parent homes have grown from 12% in 1970 to 49.8 % in 1995. (10) As the sole burden of child rearing is placed on a worker, childcare arrangements, school obligations, and childhood illnesses are far more likely to interfere with attendance and productivity.Another social phenomenon, which strains workers and, in turn, disrupts the workplace, is increasing longevity. As the population grows older the phenomena of living longer allows workers the luxury of postponing marriage and having children. Its relatively common today for couples to postpone their first child until their late thirties or early forties, a time formerly used for the preparation of an empty nest. Instead of retiring to grandparenthood these later in life parents are dealing with teenagers and how to get them through college. A large percentage of the workforce now finds itself in the position of not only having children to care for, but elderly parents as well. Add to the list of family pressures the moral and financial obligation workers must complete with in providing for the wellbeing of two generations. The American worker is now faced with a double whammy in the attempt to meet family needs.When looking at the increasing longevity of the workforce, one must consider that piece of the big picture which has to do with the rate that people retire. Its estimated that within the next twenty dollar bill to thirty years the retirement age in developed countries will, by necessity, move up to seventy-nine or so. Seventy-nine, in terms of health and life expectancy, correlates with the age of sixty-five and the health and life expectancies of 1936, when the United States, the last western country to do so, adopted a national retirement plan (Social Security). (11) As America continues to gray, a earthshaking percentage of the work force will develop unprecedented needs th at are geriatric in nature, impacting worker expectations of benefit packages.The question facing business in the future is determining what that age and experience are worth in terms of monetary compensation and benefits. This is a dilemma currently being faced by the Armed Forces, with many branches finding themselves to be top heavy with senior officers. The funding resources dedicated to personnel are not distributed in a fashion that attracts and retains military members, seriously jeopardizing the productivity of military organizations. (12) This is relevant in that many private organizations as well as public and government agencies are finding themselves in the same position. Retirement Incentive bonuses have become common place and are a primary tool used by organizations to cull the workforce. Will this remain a viable means of thinning an aging workforce?In addition to family pressures, and salary and benefits needs, there is a growing concern throughout the nations work force concerning quality of life. While benefits and compensation are key to employee satisfaction, and therefore productivity, a strong value is placed on the emotional satisfaction one finds professionally. These emotional perks come out of all areas, and are as solid as additional training and added responsibility or as intangible as recognition, appreciation, and creativity. (13) Business must take into account the social implications of such information, as it becomes essential to address staff needs and to determine successful strategies that should surround any HRM policy.The management of human resources centers on a single sanctioned function of the management process staffing. The HRM professional is charged with matching the right person to the job. While recruitment is an exacting area of HRM, a more significant piece of employee productivity lies in motivation. Motivation methods are key to fashoning successful HRM models. Motivation is a deceptively simple concept but probably one of the most complex components of human resource management.Motivation is simple in terms of human behavior. People are basically motivated or goaded to behave in ways that they find rewarding. So the task seems easy just find out what they want and hold it out as a possible reward or incentive. It becomes complex when trying to find a universal incentive in a very diverse workforce. What has value to worker A may be meaningless to worker B. And what has value at one point in time may become insignificant at another. For example, everyone has a need to eat. A big steak dinner, as an incentive to succesful completion of a task, is motivation as long as your hungry Had you just eaten, a steak dinner would hold no interest .An additional factor in the motivation equation has to do with the reality of obtaining the reward. Telling a person that they will be promoted to sales manager if sales in that jurisdiction increase is empty if that task is percevied as virtually inp ossible. Two conditions must be met for motivation to occur, according to Vrooms expectancy theory of motivation. First the value of the particular outcome (such as recieving a promotion) is very high for the person and, secondly, the person feels that there is a reasonably good chance of accomplishing the task at hand and obtaining the outcome. This is the process of motivation. (14)Theories of motivation center on a a single basic question what do people want? Abraham Maslow states that humans have five basic categories of need physiological, safety, social, ego, and self-actualization. These needs have been arranged in order of there immenseness to humans. When the basic physiological needs, food, drink, etc., are met, they no longer serve as motivation. Instead, those urges toward safety, i.e., protection and security, become the driving force. Human beings move up this needs tend as basic needs are met.Frederick Herzberg has divided Maslows hierarchy into two planes, the lowe r meeting physiological, safety and social needs, and the higher meeting those needs touch ego and self actualization. Herzberg believes that the best motivation lies in satisfying those higher level needs. Based on his studies, Herzberg believes that factors that satisfy lower level needs, which he identifies as hygiene factors, are markedly different from those, reffered to as motivators, that satisfy higher level needs. Herzberg states that if hygeine factors are inadequate workers will become disgruntled, but once fit there is no incentive to perform. Therefore, hygiene factors are necesary for preventing dissatisfaction, but very inefficient in encouraging motivation.Job content, however is the source of motivating factors. Opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and more challenging jobs motivate employees. Motivating factors work because they appeal to higher level needs that are never completly satisfied. According to Herzberg, the best way to motivate employees is to demonstrate challenge and opportunities for achievement into their jobs. Herzberg reffers to this method of applying his theory as job enrichment. Basically, job enrichment consists of building motivators like opportunity for achievment into the job by making it more provoke and challenging.

A Critical Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Disabled Essay

Wilfred Owen, a Soldier Poet who spent time in several military hospitals after cosmos diagnosed with neuras soia, wrote the metrical com function Disabled while at Craiglockhart Hospital, after meeting Seigfried Mad Jack Sassoon. A look at Owens work shows that all of his known war poems came after the meeting with Sassoon in August 1917 (Childs 49). In a statement on the effect the Sassoon meeting had on Owens poetry, Professor incision Childs explains it was after the late-summer meeting that Owen began to use themes dealing with breaking bodies and minds, in poems that see soldiers as wretches, ghosts, and sleepers (49).Disabled, which Childs lists because of its theme of carnal loss, is interpret by most critics as a poem that invites the ratifier to condolence the above-knee, double-amputee veteran for the loss of his legs, which Owen depicts as the loss of his life. An analysis of this sort relies heavily on a stereotypical reading of disability, in which people with disabilities are more(prenominal) dependent, childlike, passive, sensitive, and miserable than their nondisabled counterparts, and are depicted as pained by their fate (Linton, 1998, p. 5).See more how to write a good critical analysis essaySuch a reading disregards not only the athletic fields social impairment, which is directly addressed by Owen, still it also fails to consider the constructed personal identity of the quash, as defined by the language of the poem. A large reason for the imposition of pity comes from the pen of Owen, himself, who wrote that the chief headache in his poetry is War, and the pity of War. The poetry is in the pity (Kendall, 2003, p. 30). Owens pity approach to poetry succeeded in protesting the war because it capitalized on human losses.Adrian Caesar makes it truely clear that the experience of war was Owens reason for joining. Even after being hospitalized for neurasthenia, Owen chose to return to France because he knew his poetry had improv ed due to his experience in the trenches (Caesar, 1987, p. 79). Whatever the case, Owen had neurasthenia, or shell shock, a mental disability. Disabled, which is about a veteran with a physical disability, should be viewed as an observation, and when the poem is closely examined, it plenty be seen to present a myth of disability rather than a realistic depiction.Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, a renowned literary critic in the field of damage Studies, states that literary representation of disability has consistently marginalized characters with disabilities, which in turn facilitates the marginalization of actual people with disabilities. More often than not, writes Garland-Thomson, disability is utilized for its rhetorical or symbolic potential (1997, p. 15). When the lecturer considers Owens quote about pity, taken along with his intent to protest the war, the disabled keep down of his poem becomes little more than a poster-child for pacifism.Moreover, Owens treatment of the subje ct exemplifies Garland-Thomsons conclusion that When one psyche has a visible disability . . . it almost always dominates and skews the normates play of sorting out perceptions and forming a reaction (p. 12). The normate, or the nondisabled person, brings to the text a whole set of cultural assumptions, on which Owen depends, to leave the reader believing war is futile and not worth the cost in human lives and injuries. My purpose is not to argue to the contrary I am not examining the value of war, that the devaluation of the disabled figure in Owens poem.Disabled consists of seven stanzas, which Daniel Pigg breaks down into five vignettes, representing the soldiers life. The first vignette, or first stanza, according to Pigg, sets the phase for understanding this alienated figure that the poet observes (1997, p. 92). Already the reader finds that the vocalizer occupies a privileged position, because he has no first-hand experience of what it is like to be an amputee and is mer ely an observer. The speaker sees a legless man, waiting for dark, dressed in a ghastly suit of gray (Lines 1-3).This pathetic image proffered to the reader creates a relationship base on pity, meaning that the reader places a high value on his functioning body while devaluing the losses of the subject. Waiting for dark could be interpreted as waiting for death, and the ghastly suit of gray may as well be the vestige of a ghost. The subject, who is seated near a window, hears priapic children at play in the park, saddening him until sleep mothered the voices from him (Lines 4, 6).The reader is to assume, as Owen has assumed, that the subject is saddened by memories of times past, when he, too, would play in the park with the other boys. So is the reader to assume that play and pleasure after day (Line 5) are no longer available to the subject? The end of the first stanza invites the reader to accept the subject as being dependent and child-like, as sleep mothered him from the voic es. Owen has effectively molded his subject into a convincing Other, a man near death and middle(a) into the grave.The second vignette, or the second stanza, delves into the subjects past, when he was nondisabled. As a contrast to the first stanza, where the language and imagery is bleak and foreboding, the second stanza begins with brilliant images of the town, in the lead the subject acquired his injury. However, the jubilee is short-lived as the reader is soon thrust back into the subjects present reality, after he threw away his knees (Line 10). In this line the reader becomes aware that the subject feels a certain amount of guilt and self-acknowledgment in the role he has played in the loss of his legs. precisely before exploring the subjects motives for joining the war, the reader is treated again to Owens dreary outlook on the veterans life. This time, the discussion is pertain on women and how the subject will no longer be able to enjoy their presence or company, for gir ls now touch him like some rag disease (Line 13). Piggs analysis of the word queer is worth noting because he uses it as an example of the subjects social displacement. It is in the second stanza that the reader is first encouraged to consider not just the physical impairment, but the social impairment of the subject.Pigg shows that early usage of the word queer to denote quirk began officially in a 1922 document written by the government. Based on this finding, Pigg assumes that the word could have been known and used by popular finish as early as 1917, when Owens poem was penned (1997, p. 91). Pigg claims that Owens use of the term illustrates a loss of potential heterointimate contact, while at the very(prenominal) time expressing that society has made him what he has become . . . the use of the concept in the poem makes one more aware of oppression in a society that has brought the soldier to this state (p. 1).Even though Pigg analyzes the social construction of the subjects identity, he limits his discussion to societys role in pressuring the soldier to join the war and not with the systematic oppression of disability, the result of the subject joining the war. However, this subject is best represented by Owens net two stanzas. In the next section of the poem, Owen reiterates the format of the previous stanza by giving the reader a glimpse of the subjects normal life, before becoming an amputee, when his youth and vitality were admired by an artist.Very quickly the reader is transported back to the veterans present situation. This juxtaposition of normal/ perverted within the stanzas forces an us and them division between the reader and the subject (Linton, 1998, p. 23). The remembrances of the subject offer an illustration of a typical life with which the reader can relate, which is then placed next to lines of the poem that offer a picture of what Owen would hope the reader to define as a horrible existence worse than death. The subject, which is a n actual person, becomes Owens mascot for the anti-war effort.The next three stanzas of the poem discuss the subjects reasons for entering the war. Again, Pigg offers an interesting interpretation of this section of the poem. According to Pigg, the subject joins the war in an effort to create an identity for himself, an identity which is ultimately based on a lie about his age. In lines 21-29, the subject reminisces about the time he decided to join the war and tries to pinpoint which intoxication lead him to such a decision a victorious football game, a brandy and soda, or the featherbrained jilts?In each case there is an overabundance of ego involved the subject seeks to capitalize on his ephemeral successes and perpetuate them as long as possible. In joining the war, he sees a way to do this, because society identifies those who go to war as heroes and those who do not as less than men. The subject decides it is a girl named Meg he tried to impress, then says Aye . . . to please the giddy jilts (Line 27). A jilt is a capricious woman, a woman who is freakish and impulsive.Owens point here is to allow the reader omniscient knowledge of the subject and his belief that the girls will love you for going to war, but if you return with a substantial injury, they become uninterested. This suggests that the girls are more interested in the idea of the soldier, the perfect body, as opposed to the reality of the soldier. Lines 30-36 further explain the subjects reasons for enlistment, stating that they were not because of an interest in foreign affairs, but for the superficial benefits of joining the military.Owen then inserts a small, three-line stanza as a transition from the subjects memories to his trustworthy status. Again, the reader is jarred by the juxtaposition of the normal and the abnormal. Instead of receiving a heros welcome, the subject is patronized by his own memories of what he had imagined his return to England would be like Some cheered him home , but not as crowds cheer Goal (Line 37). The irony re-enlists the help of pity, as the reader is encouraged to feel sorry for the subjects decision and subsequent loss.Owens purpose is to show that those who return from the war injured are pitied for their loss, rather than being honored for their sacrifice. The final stanza of the poem completes the circle that brings the reader back to the subjects self-dissolution. He has accepted societys estimation of his worth, or lack thereof, and has resigned himself to spend a some sick years in institutes/ and do what things the rules consider wise (Lines 40-41). The passive young veteran has acquiesced his life without a fight, but will continue to find the orders of a society that deems him as invalid.He has officially become disabled, in every sense of the word. The subject has assumed his role as an object of pity and is ready to take whatever pity they may dole, they being the nondisabled (Line 42). Before the poem ends, though, Ow en returns the reader yet again to the giddy jilts and their capricious desires, as their eyeball avoid the subjects changed body to look at the men who are still whole, suggesting it was not just the soldier they were interested in, but the see standard of beauty (Line 44). Here, the reader is expected to remember the subjects reasons for joining the military.The subjects concern with maintaining a nadir of masculinity and sexual attraction is ironically juxtaposed with his total loss of sexuality, which Owen implies is a total loss of identity, except as a spectacle and object of pity. The poem ends with the speakers frantic plea, How cold and late it is Why dont they come/ And put him into bed? Why dont they come? (Lines 45-46). The speaker epitomizes the nondisabled persons fear over lack of control of their own bodies and fates.The speaker realizes that he could just as easily be in he position of the subject, and with this knowledge the speaker agonizes over his own project ed fears the cold, desolate, and lonely life of the subject. We will never know the subjects reality, for Owen has locked him into an eternal battle with despair. Owen uses compassionate imagination to establish a link between the soldier and the civilian in an effort to express the abominable losses that come as a result of war (Norgate, 1987, p. 21). Unfortunately, in so doing Owen magnifies the inferior role disability occupies in society, rather than calling it into question.That which has been given up and that which has been taken away subsumes the identity of the subject. Owens one-dimensional representation of disability ignores the will to survive and make the most of the opportunities offered by life, in whatever form it may take. Thompson writes, As physical abilities change, so do individual needs, and the perception of those needs (14). In Disabled, Owen does not allow for change and does not offer the hope of a fulfilling life. Instead, he delivers a scathing portrait of physical and social disablement in early 20th-century England.

Syllabus for African Dance

Syllabus for African Dance MPADE-UE 1542. 002 Spring 2013 Contact hours Wednesday, 130-330pm, studio 304 Education grammatical construction Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, Program in Dance Education New York University Instructor Alfdaniels Mabingo Ph unity 917-679-8119 E-mail Consultation By assignment A survey course in eastmost African dance with accompanying songs, medicinal drug, and cultural contexts in which these dances originate. The course specifically offers knowledge and performance skills of tralatitious dance forms East Africa and methods for teaching these dances.It offers critical analysis of how these dances interact with cultural, social, occupational, and religious aspects that contribute to creating them. Besides critical understanding and performance of these dances, the course equips students with skills to perform the medicament that accompanies them. Learning outcomes 1. Students go away demonstrate proficiency in performing ethni c dances from selected cultures in East Africa. 2. Students will learn and perform vocal and instrumental music that accompanies ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. 3.Students will demonstrate techniques and methods of teaching ethnic dances from Ugandan cultures. 4. Students will acquire fundamental knowledge into critical analysis of how dances in East Africa interact with cultural aspects that participate in creating them. 5. Students will learn mingled techniques that are reformer(a)d to performance of various ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. Students are anticipate to a. Finish and present the assignments within the stipulated time. b. Actively participate in practical sessions and class discussion. Focus of selected readings and visual recordings ) Understanding the authors message and usance it as a point of departure for supplementary inquiries b) Establishing connections between the readings and visual recordings and the students class/practical experience c) In spire students to learn the various dances Other important readings Adinku, W. O. (1995). African Dance Education in Ghana, Ghana, Accra Universities Press. Aduonum, M. (2011). West African Dance in the United States University Curriculum, LAP Lambert academician Publishing Nannyonga-Tamusuza, S. (2005. Baakisimba Gender in Music and Dance of the Baganda People of Uganda.London and New York Routledge. Tieron, A. (1992). Doople Eternal Law of African Dance Choreography & Dance Studies, New York Routledge * * Welsh, A. K. (1996). African Dance An Artistic, Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, Trenton, NJ Africa World Press. Welsh, A. K. (2003). Umfundalai An African Dance Technique, Trenton, NJ Africa World Press Policies * Assignment Formats All assignments must be typewritten with at least a normal 12 pt font and double-spaced. Use a header and page numbers. Please hand in hard copies of assignments without folders.Do non email them Emailed copies will not be accepted. * Attenda nce You are expected to attend every session of the course. One excused absence is permitted with a rejuvenates note or other acceptable evidence. If you are going to be absent please send an email to the instructor. Additional absences will decline the cumulative grade by one earn grade increment. An unexcused absence will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. Please make arrangements with a peer to collect course materials for you and contact the peer after the session for updates on the session activities and assignments. Late arrivals/ first departures Being on time and staying throughout the duration of the course is to be expected. Three late arrivals, three early departures, or any three combinations of late arrivals and/or early departures to/from class will equate to an absence. A late arrival or early departure of more than 15 minutes will be counted as an absence. * Late Assignments Late assignments are reduced in letter grade increment. Assignme nts may be handed in up to one week late. Late assignments may not pose significant feedback.Any assignments that are not complete at this time (one week late) will not receive a grade and will negatively affect your cumulative course grade. * Assignments Class attendance and participation20% Midterm paper25% Midterm performance25% Final performance30% Note See the claim for details about the requirements for each area of assignment * Grading Letter rack up Number Grade Legend A 94-100 Exceptional A- 90-93 Excellent B+ 87-89 Extremely Good B 84-86 Very Good B- 80-83 Good C+ 77-79 Satisfactory C 74-76 Satisfactory C- 70-73 Nearing Satisfactory D+ 67-69 Minimum Passing GradeD 65-66 Minimum Passing Grade F 0-64 Failure * Incomplete Grading Incomplete grades are not a grading option. Under prodigious circumstances, such as those with a serious illness or other emergency, and at the discretion of the course instructor, an incomplete grade may be granted, establish on the students per formance throughout the course of the semester. * E-mail Communication with Instructor(s) Please keep your e-mails as succinct as possible. If you predict you will need to spare more than one paragraph, it is an indication that you probably need to schedule a meeting rather than writing an e-mail. Special Accommodations Any student attending NYU who involve an accommodation due to a chronic, psychological, visual, mobility and/or learning disability, or is Deaf or Hard of Hearing should register with the Moses Center for Students with Disabilities located at 726 Broadway, phone 212. 998. 4980, or website address www. nyu. edu/csd. * Please refrain from all cell phone use during class. * Please clean up after any food or drink. * Dress appropriately for the classes * Academic Integrity Please be familiar with NYU Steinhardt policies http//steinhardt. nyu. edu/policies/academic_integrity.

Explain the relationship between mental health problems and society Essay

The way in which the public perceive hoi polloi with kind health impairments is constantly being called into question. The relationship among mental health and social problems are prominent in day to day life, but put up be experienced and viewed on varying levels-this is dependent on individuals.Stigma and discrimination stem from personal ignorance and fear, whether the person is not well educated abundant to understand indisposition or is ignorant to it realistically the ignorance is more likely to act social problems on an individual basis. The public needs a reform wittingness and understanding of what mental health is and how it affects people and the support network around them.(Angermeyer and Matschinger 2005) Argue that members of the public have limited knowledge of mental illness and what they do know can sometimes be entirely incorrect. (Thornicroft 2006) States that the public believe having a mental illness reduces intelligence and the ability to make decisi ons and that some people still believe schizophrenia means having a split personality. In addition, (Thornicroft 2006) say it is common for the public to not grasp the difference between mental illness and learning disabilities.This can lead to common misconceptions in society. (McLeod, S. A 2008). companionable Roles and tender Norms Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http//www.simplypsychology.org/social-roles.htmlthere) There are many ship canal that people can influence our behavior, but perhaps one of the most important is that the presence of separates seems to set up expectations. Social Norms are unwritten rules nearly how to behave. They provide us with an expected idea of how to behave in a particular social group or culture.Because some people dont fit into this social norm (Time to Change. 2008. Stigma Shoutonline available at http//www.time-to-change.org.uk/research-reports-publications accessed 30th September 2013) state 9 out of 10 people with mental health proble ms have been affected by stigma and discrimination and more than two thirds have stopped doing things they wanted to do because of stigma.Having aspirations and wanting to be in enjoyment gives a certain level of self-esteem and people are generally in a much better position to buildsocial relationships and render to society, this in turn helps the community, the nation, and fellow man. Still people with severe mental health problems have a lower rate of employment than any other disabled group, but are sampled more likely than any other group with disabilities to want to have a job and desire work. Up to 90% of people suffering from mental health issues say they would like to work this is compared to 52% of disabled people (Stanley K, Maxwell D 2004. Fit for employment London IPPR).Campaigners such as Time to Change are reaching out to the media particularly through social networking to make people more aware and be more open to recognising early signs of mental health problems , this will in turn help reduce the number of unreported mental health problems in the UK.The WHO Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004) previously reported that up to 85% of people with serious mental disorders did not receive discussion in a one year period (World Health Organisation Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for intervention of mental disorders in the World Health Organisation field mental health surveys 2004. 291p. 2581-2590). Anti-stigma campaigns can help build a better relationship between mental health and social problems in a affirmative manner.Direct social contact with people with mental health problems is without doubt the most effective way to change public attitudes so the greater the sense the higher chance of people leaving personal prejudices behind. 77% of adults believe that the media does not do a good job in educating people almost mental illness (Priory Group 2007. Crying shame. Leatherhead, Surrey Priory Group).There are many different perspe ctives and understandings of mental health and opinions vary significantly even when different people are presented with the same situation involving someone apparently experiencing mental distress (Dr Colin King, form Values 2009 cited Colombo et al, 2003a and b).Historically, the dominant model for explanations of mental disorders has been the Medical Model which treats mental disorders in the same way as a physical cause and assumes the mental illness comes about primarily as a government issue of biochemical, genetic deviations, chemical imbalances or trauma which give rise to symptoms. These symptoms are classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which then leads to adiagnoses and drugs prescribed or in more serious cases electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) or psychosurgery are used the latter being the very last resort if other treatments prove to fail.With this model the treatment can be fast and therefore empowering people to live the li fe they have desired without having to stay in care homes or hospitals, though it is a double edged sword because as with all drugs there are side effects it is known for ECT treatment to cause memory loss. Taking antipsychotic pills can cause weight gain and increase the chance of developing diabetes among other side effects. The Medical Model is tempting because it is succinct, tangible, and easily understandable and is in accordance with a scientific method which relies on objective and measurable observation.There have been three types of studies to provide exhibit to support this view which have been family, twin studies- and adoption studies.The Social Model looks at other sociological reasons to possible causes of mental health and is based on an understanding of the complexity of human health and well-being and supports the social networks of people who are vulnerable and frail. It takes the wider view that the ability to undertake such activities is limited by social barri ers and shows the limitation of activity is not caused by impairments but a consequence of social barriers, this shifts the emphasis towards those aspects of the world that can be adapted and changed (The Social Model of Disability and The Disability Discrimination Act).The management of the problem requires social action and is the collective responsibility of society at large to make the environmental modifications necessary for the full participation of people with disabilities in all areas of social life. The issue is both cultural and ideological and requires individual, community and a large dental plate social change and from this perspective, equal access for someone with an impairment or disability is a human rights issue of major concern. Social model sentiment has important implications for the education system too, and particularly primary and secondary schools. Prejudiced attitudes toward disabled people and all minority groups are not innate.They are larn through co ntact with the prejudice and ignorance of others.To conclude mental health and social problems can be non-excitant if societyfocuses on the two dominant models Medical & Social. The two are the perfect example of a lasting relationship, intertwined with one another. Without the social model stigma and discrimination create barriers and without the medical model treatment would not be diagnosed and treated.With the two models society can empower individuals to live the life they desire, strive for and deserve. People with mental health problems should be safe follow and encouraged to participate in their community regardless of their age, race, or disability. If society tackles problems with mental health and social problems people face the world would be a better and more positive place to live.

Musical Instruments Classification Essay

All musical instruments can be divided into four major classes aerophones, chordophones, electrophones and percussion. The biggest and the most versatile class is aerophones which can be unless subdivided into free aerophones and pipe aerophones. On the next level free aerophones fall into those with free reed and with beating reed. Beating reed aerophones are represented by single reed (organ pipes) and double reed (human voice) instruments. Free reed instruments in their turn split into those with framed and unframed reed. Each of these two groups is then subdivided tally to the way they are played. Unframed reed aerophones can be wind-blown (bull-roarer, Aeolian harp), mouth-blown(leaf instrument), or mouth-blown-and-plucked (Jews harp) while frames reed instruments are mechanically-blown(barrel organ, orchestrion), foot-blown (harmonium, pedal concertina), hand-blown (bayan, accordion), and mouth-blown (harmonica, khaem).The pipe subclass splits into brass, reed pipe and edge pipe aerophones. Each of them is further divided into two subclasses brass aerophones into those with (trumpet, French horn) and without (didgeridoo, trombone) valves reed pipe into single reeds (clarinet, saxophone) and double reeds (oboe, bassoon) edge subclass into spill the beans flutes (whistle) and tree flutes (flute, piccolo). The second largest major class of musical instruments is percussion instruments which fall into membranophones and idiophones. Membranophones are subdivided into those with determinate pitch and with indeterminate pitch.Both of them are then categorize by the type of impact struck (roto drums, snare and bass drum), rubbed (friction drum), and blown (kazoo). Idiophones split into pitched and unpitched and then also include struck (triangle, bell, castanets), rubbed (glass harmonica), plucked (kalimba), and agitate (jingles) percussion insruments. Chordophones have only three primary subclasses bowed chordophones (violin, cello), plucked chordophones ( guitar, banjo), and struck chordophones (piano). The last class of electrophones includes electric/acoustic (electric guitar, bass etc) and electronic insrtruments. electronic ones then split into electromagnetic (electric organ, synthesizer) and digital (MIDI keyboard, MIDI guitar).

Culture Views on Health

Jessica Knott UOP HCA 230 04-19-2010 ethnic Views on wellness Health potbelly have different meanings to different people and in their civilizations some the military man. A persons wellness is not any different when it totals to an individuals, nor does it matter what part of the world they atomic number 18 in but they button up have the same thing in common physical, mental, social, and phantasmal beings. A persons wellness refers to how they feel and also how they relate to their environment and the people that partake that environment with them.Peoples lives and morals be a combination of the different areas is what makes them who they are, and this does not revision be crusade of the area where they are from. A person who is happy and has a lusty lifestyle has created a betterthy balance of their physical, social, spiritual, and emotional part of their life. There are different shipway of looking at health. every(prenominal) culture has a concept of health that is probably different to that of others (Capdevila, 2006) A persons gentility or background can affect the medical treatment they receive. close to cultures believe in holistic medicine. Some cultures treat their people with such practices without seeking treatment from a clinic or facility. The ethnic, cultural, and personal belief of an individual can affects the ability to receive care. For example in China herbal and holistic medicines are use everyday to help treat endurings. These remedies have been employ for centuries and continue to be passed down from times to generation. Now Asian Americans have faith and believe in plants and their healing properties.The new fad in American culture of wellness and feeling the harmony between the mind, body, and spirit has its roots also in the Chinese culture. American culture looks for healing in new modern techniques of medicine and in technology. Americans unremarkably say that we treat the disease and not the patient because we dont have a patient without the disease. A lot of people believe that the herbal approach is helpful, while others do not believe. Some people believe that it should not be relied on because different people have different ways of providing medical care when it comes to herbal medicines.But a lot of Americans still have a more(prenominal) modern views when it comes to health care, due to the fact that we have the best and latest medical technology. The Asian American/Pacific Islander population in the U. S. is mostly foreign-born. Therefore, these families continue to h centenarian on to traditional views of health and illness (Cantore, 2008) Acupressure is usually what is used in the Asian culture. But it is also being used right off in the United States because we have a mixture of cultures. People from all cultures are now using acupressure to help as a cure.It supposes to help with smoking addictions and relieve the pain of childbirth. It can be used to stimulate sleep or dig estion or to increase mental stability. Many doctors inspire meditation and yoga to relax patients undergoing modern procedures such as chemotherapy or surgery. (Cantore, 2008) Eastern practices are popular because health consumers are more informed and are taking more responsibility for and control of their health. In addition, these practices and remedies swear out the body in maintaining health and aid the body in natural healing. (Cantore, 2008) Vietnamese culture which is still an Asian culture, believes in harmony, balance in their lives and with their health. There are many differences between the American and Vietnamese cultures, for example in America if you are overweight or obese it is not a not bad(predicate) thing. But in the Vietnamese culture being overweight or obese is seen as a good sign of economic status and people actually envy you of this. There are implications to health care providers when it comes to both cultures.For example, in a culture where obesity is more acceptable, health care providers are challenged to provide care to more people. Stopping the cycle of obesity before it becomes the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States is a priority for community health nurses. (Durand E, Logan C, Carruth A, 2007) Every culture and society has their own beliefs and morals. Some believe in the herbal medicine, some believe that they are heal by faith, and some use technology for the answer.But I believe that the important side of that is that we mustiness respect what a person believes is right. As long as the patient is not going to cause themselves any harm by holding onto cultural practices, is allowed to follow their traditional beliefs. Some of the medical practices that come from other regions and cultures are now being more accepted into the modern world, so we should be give to many different options when it comes to our health and treatment plans. References Capdevila, G (2006, May 25) BOLIVIA Want ed Healthcare Adapted To native Cultures.Retrieved on April 11, 2009 from http//ipsnews. net/news. asp? idnews=33372 Cantore, J (2008) Modern Nursing, Traditional Beliefs. Minority nurses can play a crucial role in helping Asian patients bridge the gap between East and West, old and new. Retrieved on April 10, 2009 from http//www. minoritynurse. com Durand E, Logan C, Carruth A. (2007). Association of maternal obesity and childhood obesity implications for healthcare providers . Journal of Community Health Nursing. 24 (3) 167-76 (journal article review, tables/charts). Retrieved on April 11, 2009 from EBSCOhost database.

Electrical Substation

1. INTRODUCTION Electrical sub seat for distribution system is the main supply to convert the elevated potential difference (HV) to embarrassed emf (LV) and the place where load argon distributed to the consumers. In Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad Distribution (TNBD) utilize the 33/0. 433kV, 22/0. 433kV, 11/0. 433kV and 6. 6/0. 433kV potential system for the galvanising system to supply for domestic consumer and industrial consumer such(prenominal) as factory which will supplied directly from Transmission Main Intakes (PMU), Main Distribution Sub station (PPU) or Main Switch Sub station (SSU).Electrical substation is the place where all electrical equipments such as high voltage switching, three phase transformer, high voltage cables, low voltage cables, low voltage feeder pillar, battery charging and etc which be used for electrical supplying in agency system and to absorb sure the safety of the system by the protection scheme. Basically, electrical system have one or several in coming and out going circuit which are controlled by high voltage switching and meet in one or more in the same of busbar system.Generally, electrical substation is a point in distribution system where * A place where several electrical equipments are installed and used for electrical energy in power system. * A place where the safety of the system is provides by automatically protection scheme. * A place where one or several incoming and extroverted circuit are met at one or more busbar system and controlled by high voltage switching equipment which is used for switching. * A place where voltage value is changed and controlled. A place where load are distributed, controlled and protected FUNCTIONS OF A SUBSTATION * Supply of required electrical power. * uttermost possible c everyplaceage of the supply network. * Maximum security of supply. * Shortest possible fault-duration. * Optimum efficiency of plants and the network. 2. OPERATION OF 11 kV MODULAR POWER externali ze LAB Electric power is normally generated at 11-25kV in a power station. To transmit over long distances, it is then stepped-up to 400kV, 220kV or 132kV as necessary. Power is carried through a transmission network of high voltage lines.Usually, these lines run into hundreds of kilometres and deliver the power into a common power pool called the grid. The grid is machine-accessible to load centres (cities) through a sub-transmission network of normally 33kV (or neartimes 66kV) lines. These lines terminate into a 33kV (or 66kV) substation, where the voltage is stepped-down to 11kV for power distribution to load points through a distribution network of lines at 11kV and lower. The stepped-down voltage of 11kV is channelled to the RMU(Ring Main Unit) and outgoing feeder of the substation.This is to ensure the continous supply of electricity even during maintenance. The RMU unit is speacially designed that during maintence the affected users will determine supply from a different s ubstation which is interconnected. This is because maintenance have to be carried out in an ON condition. 3. leave DIAGRAM OF 11kV MODULAR POWER PLAN 4. FUNCTIONS AND MAINTAINENCE OF ALL EQUIPMENTS 5. 1 Switch gear/ circuit circuit breaker In anelectric power system,switchgearis the combination of electrical disconnect switches,fusesorcircuit breakerused to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be through with(p) and to clearfaultsdownstream. This type of equipment is important because it is directly linked to the reliability of theelectricity supply. Typically, the switchgear insubstationsis located on both the high voltage and the low voltage side of large powertransformers. The switchgear on the low voltage side of the transformers may be located in a building, with medium-voltage circuit breakers for distribution circuits, along with metering, control, and protection equipment.For industrial applic ations, atransformerand switchgear line-up may be combined in one housing, called a unitizedsubstationor USS. Types of circuit breakers I. Oil Oil circuit breakers rely upon vaporization of some of the oil to blast a jet of oil through the arc. II. Gas Gas (SF6) circuit breakers sometimes stretch the arc using a magnetic field, and then rely upon the dielectric intensity level of the SF6to quench the stretched arc. III. Vacuum Vacuum circuit breakers have minimal arcing (as there is nothing to ionise other than the contact material), so the arc quenches when it is stretched to a very small amount (

Ruskin Bond

Religious straining in the story Angry River By Abha Sirohi Research Scholar, A. K. P. G. College, Hapur (Ghaziabad) Ruskin Bond attempts to analyze human psychology in his short stories He deals with the elemental and impulsive life of man. He tells the stories objectively and beyond all told these things his stories shows chastity of mans heart and his faith in the Supreme power.He has innate power to produce the mould of ones emotions, sounds and sights that thrills the senses of other man it is due to his profound faith in God. As a writer he has put goodness of man and dignity of human self above all considerations this is the reason sometimes our heart is filled with pleasure and a sense of spiritual satisfaction. Ruskin Bond is a writer of children and when we talk virtually children a sense of innocence creeps over our head teacher.The bent of mind of the author takes it in a religious way he wants to show us innocence of nature, the basic decencies of God. God create s and nourishes us with innocence without any partiality, in return He needs only our dedication, hardly most of the times we ignore this fact due to our business, our c atomic number 18less attitude- in worrying about own distress, they had forgotten about the island, in the middle of the river. The river was in truth angry now, rampaging down from the hills and thundering across the plains 165 Ruskin Bonds children stories are very famous in all over world. Some of his popular stories are Blue Umbrella, Untouchable, Panthers Moon, Time Stops at Shamli and Angry River. The story Angry River portrays the survey of nature. How nature affects our lives? What He (God, the Supreme power) wants from us? How should we treat and preserve the nature. The story is a pathetic description of a family of remote area, where no one can imagine about survival.The Angry River is the story of a girl Sita who lives with her grandparents on a lonely island in the middle of a river. The story illus trates the life in the lap of nature, which is a symbol of simplicity and naturality. Bond has narrated the opening lines of the story in a very beautiful way- In the middle of the river, the river that began in the mountains of the Himalayas and ended in the bay Bengal there was a small

Belonging †The crucible and Mean Girls Essay

Belonging has a precise strong impact on not only yourself but the hoi polloi surrounding you. Some people feel the need to sound so strongly because of the attitudes of others and as a result people back end change in negative ways driving them into negative situations. The Crucible by Arthur milling machine and meanspirited girls by Mark Waters, both explore the negative impacts caused by the need to belong so strongly. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller explores the key idea of belonging through the characters and the confederacy of Salem. Salem was a community of a very religious upbringing and a very strict standard of living. This play was execute in the 1950s and during this period there was a lot of talk and rumour about witchcraft. Arthur Miller used this play as a hidden irony of the cold war that was happening almost the same time Arthur constructed this play.He wanted people to be aware of the cold war and McCarthysim, so he used this play. Proctor is a character that is highly respected by the community, but his choices guide him into a negative situation, such as the affair with Abigail and because of this he had to fight against the court and the community for what he believed. He gets so angry and fustarted with Abigail accusing him and his wife Elizebeth of witchcraft that he takes her to court and fights against her. It (Abigail) is a cocotte The dialog here symbolises proctors frustration towards Abigail by calling her a whore. Beacause of Abigials decision to sleep with proctor comely to feel the need to belong had impacted on Proctor so negatively, therefore the need to belong can have a negative impact on others.

Cold Drinks Essay

balmy drinks ar non-alcoholic wet- footstalld flavoured drinks that argon optionally sweetened, vinegarish and carbonated. Some carbonated dim drinks besides contain caffeine mainly the brown-coloured cola drinks. PROBLEM contention To name out guttlers acquire behaviour and to identify gaps in the industry if any. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To find out the factors affecting soft drinks buying pattern. To find out the consumers buying ha bits. Seasonal changes in the buying habits. To find out the consumers future requirements and conceptualize an innovative mathematical product. To study the all overall Beverages industry. SOFT DRINKS commercialise AN OVERVIEW.Global Scenario The global soft drink industry is highly concentrated, being largely controlled by the two multinational companies Coca genus Cola and PepsiCo. Coca Cola leads the carbonated soft drink market in most countries in the world with 60% of the global cola market with its flagship Coca-Cola brand. Other notab le players entangle Cadbury Schweppes. Indian Scenario In the booming soft drinks industry, multinationals seem to be the biggest winners in terms of market sh atomic number 18. The Coca-Cola gild led the highly consolidated market with a 42. 8% mass sh are, followed by PepsiCo at 28. 6% in 2004. Danone is a minor player in India with a 0.5% share, chiefly due(p) to its after-hours market entry and limited offerings. According to government estimates soft drinks marketed in India were 6540 million bottles in edge 2001. The market growth rate, which was around 2-3% in 80s, increased to 5-6% in the early 90s and is presently 7-8% per annum. or so of the gross revenue of soft drinks take place during summers piece just 5-6% of total sales take place in winters. In summers the high season lasts for 70-75 days, which contributes more than 50% of the total yearly sales. In terms of regional distribution cola drinks have main markets in metro cities and northern states of UP, Punja b, Haryana etc. orangish flavoured drinks and sodas are popular in southern states. Western markets have pick outence towards mango tree-flavoured drinks. Non-alcoholic beverage market nominate be divided up into growth drinks and soft drinks. Soft drinks usable in glass bottles, aluminium cans, caress bottles or disposable containers can be divided into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Cola, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks and non-carbonated drinks hold mango drinks. Soft drinks can also be divided into cola products and non-cola products. Cola products in Indian include brands desire Pepsi Cola, Diet Pepsi, Coca- Cola, Diet Coke, Thumps Up etc.Cola drinks account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market in India. Non-Cola products account for 36% the total soft drink market. Until 1990s, domestic players like Parle classify (Thumps Up, Limca, Goldspot) dominated the softdrink market in India. However, with the advent of the MNC players like Pepsi (1 991) and Coke (re-entered in 1993 after it was banned in 1977) in the early 1990s, the market control shifted towards them by the late 1990s. The per capita pulmonary tuberculosis of soft drinks in India is among the final in the world 5 bottles per annum compared to the 800 bottles per annum in the USA.Delhi reports the highest per capita consumption in the country 50 bottles per annum. The consumption of PET bottles is more in the urban areas (75% of total PET bottle plastic bottles consumption) whereas the sales of 200ml bottles were higher in the campestral areas. According to a gaze, 91% of the soft drink consumption in India is in the lower, lower fondness and upper middle class section. After a somewhat subdued performance in 2006 due to a recurrence of the pesticides controversy, soft drinks sales bounced back strongly to record double-digit volume growth in 2007.With carbonates growth back on a positive upward curve alongside burgeoning sales of harvest-feast/vegeta ble juice and bottles water, soft drinks showed impressive growth in 2007. Off-trade volumes grew slightly faster than on-trade volumes, driven by higher consumption of packaged and brand soft drinks at home and on the go. The emergence of supermarkets/hypermarkets, sour consumer promotions and various new product launches played a key role in driving off-trade volume growth. Soft drinks sales in 2007 were propelled by bottled water and fruit/vegetable juice with their healthier emplacement helping to drive sales of soft drinks.While carbonates posted single-digit growth in 2007, rebounding from the pesticides controversy of 2006, it was bottled water and fruit/vegetable juice that stormed ahead with high double-digit growth rates. Poor municipal infrastructure for tapdance water has pushed sales of bulk packaged water to households. Fruit/vegetable juice is growing as a result of increased consumer expenditure on naturally healthy (NH) beverages. While functional drinks and RTD teatime also posted impressive growth in 2007, they were growing from a very small base and are yet to achieve a critical mass in terms of establishing a sure consumer base.With consumers showing a growing predilection for healthier soft drinks such(prenominal) as bottled water and fruit/vegetable juice rather than carbonates in 2007, the two carbonates giants suffered a marginal decline in share. Although two players embarked on a change in strategy to focus more on non-carbonated soft drinks in their portfolios, they were unable to maintain share and lost out slightly to home-grown players Parle Bisleri and Dabur India. Coca-Cola India launched Minute Maid and pushed the sales of its juices while PepsiCo India heavily promoted Tropicana, Aquafina and Gatorade during 2007.In addition, Coca-Cola India and PepsiCo India embarked on re-branding themselves as total beverage players and not just carbonates players. With the retail chance in India undergoing a rapid metamorphosis wi th the establishment of supermarkets/ hypermarkets and convenience stores, soft drinks sales have benefited positively. populate in urban areas are change magnitudely flocking to supermarkets to pick up speciality items that are not available in the kirana stores that are found all over India. Modern retail outlets have leadd soft drinks players with many opportunities to push their brands.Consumer promotions for fruit/vegetable juice and emerging sectors such as RTD tea and functional drinks are driving product sampling. Attractive point-of-sale (PoS) displays and gift packs of concentrates are also drawing consumer attention in supermarkets/hypermarkets. Heath drinks Soft drinks is expected to post a strong performance on the back of increasing affluence amongst consumers and evolving lifestyles which lead to consumers devoting less time to preparing fresh food and drink at home.Competition from the uncoordinated sector go forth diminish gradually as consumers show greater av ersion to buying unpackaged and unbranded soft drinks from street vendors due to health and hygiene concerns. Rising health consciousness is also expected to drive sales of naturally healthy (NH) soft drinks such as 100% juice and mineral water. In addition, soft drinks such as sports drinks and juice-based carbonates are also expected to fare headspring over the forecast period as consumers perceive them to be healthy. Softdrinks can be segmented on the basis of carbonation, flavor type or place of consumption.Based on carbonation, soft drinks are generally classified into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. While the carbonated drinks mainly include Cola, orange and lemon, the non-carbonated drinks include mango flavors. Cola products account for over 60% of the total soft drink market and include popular brands such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Thumps Up etc. Non-cola segment constitutes for over 35% of the market and can be divided into four sub groups based on types of available fl avours that include *Orange Popular brands include Fanta, Mirinda Orange etc. *Clear lime 7Up, Sprite *Cloudy lime Limca, Mirinda Lemon.*Mango Maaza, Slice Carbonates account for over 54% of total soft drinks sales in volume terms in India, with sales amounting to 2. 3 billion litres in 2004. CONSUMERS PROFILE Soft drinks are impulse purchase products, and there is an constituent of indulgence associated with them. It does not figure very high on the shopping list. The consumer buys it just to while outside(a) time or as a replace to water. Since, the older generation is of the opinion that nothing can substitute water, the companies generally target the youngsters, teenagers, children, employee of corporate offices.As these products are general fun drink, brand loyalties are not strong for a particular brand and consumers look for novelty and new flavors. Soft drinks consumption heavily relies on seasons. Though consumers are becoming health conscious, fans of classic carbonate d soft drinks (CSDs) assuage are on the large. SAMPLING contrive TARGET POPULATION Consumers are surveyed to know their preference. The respondents are amid the age group of 15 to 40. All the respondents are residents of Mumbai city. SELECTING A SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The sampling was through with(p) on a random basis whereby the respondents visited and primary data is collected.The Respondents were mete outed as per convenience sampling. RESEARCH DESIGN The research design was wildcat in nature. Secondary data and the Data from the Questionnaire were used to do the summary. This Exploratory research was done to give the insights about Consumers buying behaviour. The factors affecting their purchase of Soft- Drinks. DATA COLLECTION The base data was collected through questionnaire administered to Consumers. The Secondary Data was collected through Internet, Business journals. The questionnaire was designed holding the overall objectives and the information required.The questio nnaire administered to the Consumers was aimed at finding out their preference & factors affecting their purchase decision for Soft drinks and also to identify how these existing products can be improved according to the consumers. DATA ANALYSIS Data Analysis is being done arranging the data in tabular forms and using graphical representations. The survey conducted and the related findings. How many bottles (consider 350 ml) of stone-cold drinks do you consume? CONSUMPTION IN BOTTLES (350 ml) 1 in a week1 in 4 days1 in 2 days1 in a day 25 %42%27%6% Analysis.Consumers proffered having cold drinks once in a week or 4 days. Regular consumers were few. custom increased during the summers. Consumption is more amongst teenagers and youngsters. Young professionals also consumed cold drinks regularly mostly since it came complimentary with early(a) food items such as pizzas or burgers. It is also used by working professionals as lunch-time substitute for water. Do you generally stick to brands ? YES89% NO11% Analysis It is seen that, consumers are highly brand conscious. The big brands have been favored in creating loyalty towards their products in the long run.But, it is seen that, the consumers are not particular about one specialized brand. As long as the brand is known to him/her, the product would be consumed. Also, the safety issues concerning beverages are high. Hence, unbranded beverages are not popular. Do you stick to a particular brand? YES27% NO73% Analysis It is seen that consumers look for branded beverages, but not for a particular product as such. As long as the product is from a well- known brand, it allow for be consumed. It is also seen that, whenever a particular soft-drink isnt available, any separate substitute works.Hence, switching brands is relatively easy. Do you prefer no froth drinks (e. g. Slice, Maaza) or strong spume drinks e. g. (Thumbs up or Pepsi) ? Fizz LevelPercentage Strong Fizz16. 7% Light Fizz25% No Fizz58. 3% Analysis A very significant trend-shift towards no-carbonated drinks is seen. Previously, CSD (carbonated Soft drinks) have been very popular. Recently this trend has been changing. People now prefer no fizz drinks. Strong fizz i. e. cold drinks with high carbon concentration are racetrack low on popularity. How grave are the following Factors ? Analysis.Most pregnant factors as considered by consumers as per the survey results, are grease, flavour and nutritional value. Shape of the bottle or packaging is the least important criteria. Flavour is also an important factor. Data table is given below Factors to the lowest degree Important moderately ImportantAverageImportant smallN/ARating Average Color22. 2% 44. 4% 11. 1% 0. 0% 11. 1% 11. 1% 2. 25 Flavour0. 0% 22. 2% 22. 2% 33. 3% 22. 2% 0. 0% 3. 56 Quantity0. 0% 16. 7% 50. 0% 33. 3% 0. 0% 0. 0% 3. 17 aliment value0. 0% 20. 0% 10. 0% 50. 0%20. 0% 0. 0% 3. 70 Shape of bottle42. 9%0. 0% 28. 6% 0. 0% 14. 3% 14. 3% 2.33 promotion50. 0% 16. 7 % 0. 0% 0. 0% 0. 0% 33. 3% 1. 25 Brand11. 1% 0. 0% 11. 1% 22. 2% 44. 4% 11. 1% 4. 00 Exclusivity0. 0% 16. 7% 16. 7% 16. 7% 0. 0% 50. 0% 3. 00 Would you prefer nutritious drinks over others? YES72% NO22% Analysis People are growing more health conscious due to the changing trends, growing awareness trains, better gentility and standard of living. This leads them towards more nutritional drinks. Consumers are now looking for cold-drinks that also satisfy other ask or provide added benefits along with being just a cold drink, Do you like null drinks more? YES68% NO32% AnalysisEnergy drinks are quite popular in the Indian markets with Red bulls eye being the prime player and a few other brands. The prices are still high considering the Indian markets. Would you like a glucose induced packaged drinking water ? YES79. 3% NO20. 7% Analysis case drinking water sales have grown manifolds in the last decade due to wrong hygiene and improper municipal care. Consumers seem keen on having a product that can provide them added benefits with the packaged drinking water, such as, glucose induced water. Do you prefer the classic CSD (carbonated soft drinks) over anything else ?YES41% NO59% Analysis There are a significant percentage of consumers who have strong preferences towards carbonated soft drinks. Most of these respondents are male. Would you buy a drink that captures in 3 variations depending on its level of fizz? YES79. 3% MAYBE23. 1% NO20. 7% Analysis In this question, a conceptual product with 3 levels of fizz was vagabond up to the respondents. The audience responded quite favourably towards the idea. Since there is a divide amongst consumers who prefer strong fizz and the others who prefer no fizz drinks, such a product is given a thumbs up by the consumers.Would you like to have an additional product (e. g. chips) as a packaged product along with your cold drinks? YES53. 8% MAYBE30. 8% NO15. 4% Analysis Generally, consumers have cold drinks along with w afers, chips or some loving of snack. In this question, the reaction of consumers is noted for how would they like it if the companies could come up with some offer where in the snacks come up bundled with the soft drink. These snacks can be suited best for the taste of the particular product along with which it could be supplied. CONCLUSION AND RECCOMMENDATIONSThe soft drinks market is an attractive industry with lot of scope for new entrants. evening if there are branded players since decades, trends are shifting now towards un courtly products. New innovations regarding flavour and nutritional value are most welcomed by the consumers. Lifestyles are changing and centering levels are high. This drives consumers to look for added benefits with the conventional colas. Hence, now consumers prefer cold drinks with natural fruit extracts, flavoured milk or energy drinks. A sealed dislike towards carbonated drinks is seen especially amongst female consumers.As compared to other soft drinks these nutritional drinks are bit pricier. Ways should be thought of to reduce these rates and make them more affordable. Also, there are single mango flavoured, lemon flavoured or orange flavoured drinks available in the no-fizz category. More flavours can be tried. Brands should stress more on the nutritional value of the cold-drink and specify exactly how much of the daily nutrition willing it provide them. A new product especially for females could be come up with. APPENDIX refrigerated drinks 1. Default Section 1.How many bottles (consider 350 ml) of cold drinks do you consume? How many bottles (consider 350 ml) of cold drinks do you consume? one in a week one in 4 days one in 2 days one in a day more than 1 bottle in a day Other (please specify) 2. Do you generally stick to one brand or intimately switch brands? Do you generally stick to one brand or easily switch brands? Yes No Maybe 3. Do you prefer no fizz drinks (e. g. Slice, Maaza) or strong fizz drinks like Th umbs up or Pepsi?Do you prefer no fizz drinks (e. g. Slice, Maaza) or strong fizz drinks like Thumbs up or Pepsi?no fizz light fizz strong fizz Other (please specify) 4. Please select according to your preference (5 being the highest) Least ImportantSomewhat ImportantAverageImportantCriticalN/A Color Please select according to your preference (5 being the highest)Color Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Flavour Flavour Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Quantity Quantity Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Nutrition value Nutrition value Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A.Shape of bottle Shape of bottle Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Packaging Packaging Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Brand Brand Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Exclusivity Exclusivity Least Imp ortant Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A 5. Would you like your cold drink bottle to come in varied sizes so that it can be accomodated anywhere? Would you like your cold drink bottle to come in varied sizes so that it can be accomodated anywhere? Yes No Maybe.Other (please specify) 6. Would you buy a drink that comes in 3 variations depending on its level of fizz? Would you buy a drink that comes in 3 variations depending on its level of fizz? Yes No Maybe 7. Would you prefer your cold drink bottles to preserve the fizz for several days after possibility the bottle?Would you prefer your cold drink bottles to preserve the fizz for several days after possibleness the bottle? Yes No Maybe 8. Would you like to have an additional product (e. g chips) as a packaged product along with your cold drinks? Would you like to have an additional product (e.g chips) as a packaged product along with your cold drinks? Yes No Maybe 9.Would you like to buy cold drinks, if you will g et some promotional offer along with your cold drinks? Would you like to buy cold drinks, if you will get some promotional offer along with your cold drinks?Yes No Maybe 10. sex? Gender? Male Female.BIBLIOGRAPHY http//resources. bnet. com/index. php? http//www. agriculture-industry-india. com/agricultural-commodities/soft-drinks. html http//www. foodindustryindia. com http//www. euromonitor. com http//www. icmrindia. org.