The Importance Of The Oleochemical Industry

The Importance Of The Oleochemical patienceOleochemicals which is the chemical product that extract from plant or animal oil. The formation of oleochemical atomic number 18 from fatty acids, fatty alcohol, methyl group esters and glycerine. In Malaysia, oleochemical started from early 1980s. The Malaysian Oleochemical Manu incidentures Group (MOMG) was established in January 1984 when the pains attracted more producer. MOMG uses the renewable natural tippy material much(prenominal) as ornamentation oil, coconut oil and bay wreath kernel oil which are environment friendly.Due to the global warming and depleting of fogy fuel, biodiesel give be the next enormous potential as a cost-effective feedback for fossil fuel. Palm oil or other vegetable oil mint be used to fashion biodiesel for internal combustion engines. After mixed with petro diesel, biodiesel can use in any diesel engine. Norm everyy vehicle manufacture limit their recommendation to 15% biodiesel blended with pe tro diesel. In Europe, biodiesel is most common. RD call for research that biodiesel is more clean energy than fossil fuel, it release less carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide by and by combustion. Not only that, biodiesel is more economical as biodiesel can be use directly without changing or modified the vehicle engine.The importance and advantages of Oleochemical Industry (Biodiesel) in our SocietyThe oleochemical industry that producing biodiesel have unpredictable profit potential since the fossil fuel sources are depleting over the years and this entrust cause the example of biodiesel increases. Biodiesel is miscible with petroleum based diesel and this provides several advantages. For example, biodiesel can be obtained from a renewable and widespread availability of feedstock. Moreover, biodiesel has the same energy level for per congius like petroleum-based dieselThe biodiesel is produced from plants and other organic raw materials and the processes of p roducing biodiesel are harmless to the earth compared to drilling for oil which caused huge damages to the earth. Since we able to produce biodiesel and macrocosm used in domestic, there are no international complications will be involved. This will help strengthen our national security. Be cases that, it can oppose the global situation to affect the price of biodiesel.The chief(prenominal) reason of oleochemical industry can be so successful is because of the alternative biofuel such as biodiesel is a carbon neutral one which means it doesnt not emit any carbon gases in the form of carbon dioxide. As we know carbon dioxide is the main contribution to the glasshouse gas emissions. Besides that, biodiesel is biodegradable and less toxic than fossil fuel. Due to the lubricating effect by the biodiesel, the diesel engines lifetime is last long and it is more efficiency. Therefore, biodiesel becomes one of the most important alternative fuel for combustion in diesel engines.The Sup ply Demand of BiodieselDue to the declining of fossil fuels around the world, unhomogeneous governments all over the world have passed policies to help in the production and phasing-in of bio-fuels to humble the consumption of fossil fuel. For example, the United States of America had passed a Renewable fire Standard (RFS) in 2010 for the production of 650 million gallons of biodiesel in 2010, while in Brazil, all gasoline requires around 20-25% of ethanol blended into them and since Jan. 1 2010, Brazil had begun a B-5 mandate which requires the phasing in of 5% biodiesel into fossil fuels.In addition, due to the EUs (European Union) determined policies, biofuel consumption is set to increase sharply. Previously, the EU had set a goal for all their member nations to achieve a minimum target of 5.75% biofuel production by the year 2010, which was estimated to be around 14 million tonnes, and subsequently increase the union to 10% biofuel production by the year 2020.South East As ian countries like Indonesia and the Philippines have also set a B2.5 mandate which requires the phasing in of 2.5% biodiesel into fossil fuel diesels in their internal market. Malaysia has also implemented a B5 mandate which requires all diesel fuels sold in the country to phase-in 5% of biodiesel. Therefore, with many countries financial backing the concept of producing biofuels and the increasing worldwide demand, it shows that investing into the field of the production of biodiesel would be very profitable in the long run.Costs of producing biodiesel are dependent on the feedstock being used, the biodiesel plant design and size, and the way the plant is being operated. Basically, soybean oil and palm oil are the most commonly used feedstock being used in the oleo chemical industry due to their widespread availability and lowest priced for most of the time. Although algae are one of the feedstock which can have a high yield of biodiesel, palm oil is quiet down preferred over a lgae due the high capital of algae.Besides that, countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, which in 2012 had recorded roughly 18,500,000 metric tons of palm oil produced, will prove to be worthwhile countries to invest in for the production of biodiesel due to the fact that there are ample materials to produce biodiesel. Moreover, with the lack of suppliers producing biodiesel in the region (South East Asia), to invest in this field in the region would prove to be worth the effort.Procesess for synthesis of biodiesel from palmThere are two main process for synthesis of biodiesel from palmPalm oil colour Extraction from palm automatic ExtractionSolvent ExtractionTraditional Method Of Palm Kernel ExtractionThere are 8 main processes for the palm oil extraction, those are bunch reception, and weighing, bunch quartering, bunch sterilization, bunch threshing/ stripping, oil palm fruit digestion, palm oil pressing, palm oil clarification, palm oil drying and palm oil storage (Figure 6.1). T he extraction of palm oil can be done by three modes a.) Mechanical Extraction, b.) Solvent extraction and c.) Traditional method of palm kernel extraction.2. Trans-esterificationTrans-esterification also known as alcoholysis. It is a chemical process that decrease the viscosity of palm oil and produce biodiesel by run alcohol from an ester using another alcohol. This chemical process contains three subsequent reversible reactions i.) reaction between triglycerides of palm oil and alcohol to produce diglycerides and ester, ii.) Reaction between diglycerides and alcohol to produce monoglycerides and ester, iii.) Reaction between monoglycerides and alcohol to produce glycerol and ester (general equation in Figure 6.2). Transesterification can either be performed by the present of catalyst (catalytic process) or without the present of catalyst (non-catalytic process) (Figure 6.3).During the synthesis of biodiesel, there are some precaution steps need to be taken to envision the who le process can be done in safe condition. One of the precaution step is always make sure that the tanks used in processing biodiesel are in good condition. Besides that, make sure that all the electrical powered are not over heated, over-pressurized and improperly effectuateed. employ an explosion proof motor to avoid from leaving the motor and engage the professionals to install and maintain the pump.The Impact on the EnvironmentThe process of deriving oleochemical can be divided into Fat Splitting, Distillation, Fractionation by Crystallization, Fractionation by Distillation, Hydrogenation and Ion Exchange. All the stated process might have some impacts on the environment, such asA power plant will be needed to supply a large amount of energy to the oleochemical industry. In order to install a power plant in the factory, space and fuel are essential. However, fossil fuel is not environment friendly because it will produce toxic gases such as CO and SO3, which could cause air pol lution. Besides, greenhouse gases such as CO2, O3, water vapors, and CH4, released from the power plant, boost contribute to greenhouse effects.Raw materials are limited. Human may suffer from food deficiency due to excessive usage of animals and plants fats as raw material for oleochemical industry. Animal fats, being a side stream from the meat production, have a limited availability, said European Oleochemicals Allied Products Group. Animal fats cover more than 50 % of the raw material requirements in the European Oleochemical Industry.The processes of deriving oleochemicals such as (splitting, refining, neutralization and distillation) will generate heat energy. Since water has a very high specific heat capacity, it will be used in cooling system. In the cooling system, heat energy will be transfer to the water, which increases the temperature of water. If we discard the hot water into river, the temperature will later disrupt the temperature of the river water. Even though it could be a very slight change of temperature, but it may cause death to the aquatic lives due to inadequate temperature which affects the activity of enzymes.There is no proof that neither raw materials nor products are safe to human, animals and plants even though its derived from plants or animals sources. Therefore, all the raw materials and products must(prenominal) be handled with care by relative field experts. The handling, storage, and transportation of these materials should to be managed properly to avoid or minimize the potential for environmental impacts .Pollutant, toxic and greenhouse gases will cause pollution and greenhouse effect if we release it directly into atmosphere. Existence of So3 and other toxic gases in atmosphere can cause respiratory problems on humans and animals.If the waste products of fat splitting process such as lipids, acids and alkali were discarded to ground, it will cause soil pollution. Plants will be unable to grow and this further destroys the habitat of the animals.When the factory is operating, machines and operating systems will generate noise and disturb nearby residence. A suitable and strategy positioning which located far away from town and residence area can be used to set the factory.A catalyst such as Pt or Ni may be required to speed up the rate of reaction. These catalysts are expensive and need to be recycled so that we can reduce the costs and also save the environment.The products might consist of new and unknown chemicals. To reveal the toxicity or other side effects, animal testing or animal trial can be conducted. This is an inhumane practice, which may affect the ecosystem if the toxic is spread among the flora and fauna. The worst uncontrollable case is that the chemicals cause malignant neoplastic disease or mutation inside the animal body and spread among each other. Therefore, the practice of animal testing must be carried out in a small scale, and the number of animal used for testing should be as least as possible. Besides, the animals must be quarantined and separated from the others, as this could further minimize biological pollution.Future Potential of the Oleochemical IndustryOleochemical industry is one of the fastest growth industry for biofuels. In the next few years, products produced by oleochemical industry are expected to replace those from petrochemicals. Most of the oleochemical industry are based on palm and palm kernel oils, so other new raw material sources are hoped to be found out to replace them, which are cheaper and easy to be obtained.To protect the mother earth, costs of production should not be the first consideration while the environmental impact of a chemical to the user and environment is anticipated to be more important. Environmental issues such as biodegradation, non-toxicity and life cycle analysis are the main consideration that will be used in the future to determine whether a chemical should be commercially produced or not.Biotechnol ogy aslo as known as biotransformation process is used to produce basic oleochemicals and intermediate products that based on chemical processes. This will be the future technology and will be used to produce functionality oleochemicals.ConclusionThe world is facing the depleting of fossil fuels, so the demand of oleochmical products will save exceed the supply. Oleochemical plays a very important role in providing an alternative to replace the fossil fuels because the products of oleochemical are environmental friendly. However, mass exploits of this industry will still harm the environment to a certain extent. Hence, precaution measures must be taken and careful deliberation over the issues that will happen before it creates a problem to our society.Reference1) Jibrail B Kansedo, University Sains Malaysia, Synthesis Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil And Sea Mango Oil Using Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst. Available from July 20092) Siti Fatimah Arifin, University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty Of Chemical And born(p) Resources Engineering, Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil And RBD Palm Oil Using Batch Transesterification Process. Available from May 20093) Rhonda Day, eHow, condom and Hazard Precautions In Biodiesel Production. Available from 4) FAO Corporate text file Repository, Palm Oil Processing. Available from 5) FAO Corporative Document Repository, Palm Kernel Oil Extraction. Available from 6) Centre for Transportation Analysis, Global Supply and Demand of Biofuels, Oak ridge National Laboratory. Available from January 20117) Future Potential of Oleochemical Industry. 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