Process of Learning Essay

Learning is an invisible process in which the behaviour is modified in order to attain certain goals. It is a process in which an individual acquires and develops knowledge, understanding, skills, interests and attitude that are necessary to meet life’s situations. This paper briefly analyzes the process of learning. Introduction â€Å"Learning is the insatiable curiosity that drives the adolescent boy to absorb everything he can see or hear or read about gasoline engines in order to improve the efficiency and speed of his ‘cruiser’† (Mark K. Smith). Learning can be considered as a product and also a process. It is the end product of the various experiences we come across in our life. At the same time it is a continuous never ending process as well. Even from the birth day itself the learning process starts. Learning and Behaviour Learning is observable through the behaviours of a person. An observable change in behaviour can be witnessed after a person learned something. For example, we know that small kids do not know much about the dangers of fire and they will be usually attracted towards fire. But once if they happened to come in contact with fire, they will experience the burning effect of fire and will never play with fire again. In this case we can say that the child learned to behave properly with fire and we can observe Process of Learning 3 the changes in behaviour of the child before and after experience with fire. So we can conclude that learning is characterised by change in behaviour. Behaviorism, as a learning theory, can be traced back to Aristotle, whose essay â€Å"Memory† focused on associations being made between events such as lightning and thunder. The theory of behaviorism concentrates on the study of overt behaviors that can be observed and measured (Good & Brophy, 1990). It views the mind as a â€Å"black box† in the sense that response to stimulus can be observed quantitatively, totally ignoring the possibility of thought processes occurring in the mind. Some key players in the development of the behaviorist theory were Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike and Skinner. (Brenda Mergel) (James Atherton) Process of Learning 4 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was the first to conduct experiments to study how learning and behaviour are connected. The experiment was performed on a dog. He started to give food to his dog after ringing a buzzer. The experiment was repeated for 7 days and after 7 days he started to ring the buzzer alone and did not give any food to the dog. Still he found that the dog secreted saliva in the same measure as before. â€Å"Because a bell consistently rang before food appeared, Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the mere ringing of the bell; this is a conditioned response. † (Michael g. Maxwell) So it is clear that our learning and behaviours are interconnected. Learning and Thinking â€Å"Learning implies the acquisition of knowledge from experience, while thinking involves the conscious processing and use of knowledge. † (Michael g. Maxwell) Learning has definite connection with thinking as well. Nobody can say that he has learned something without thinking. For example, we know that lightning and thunder, both occurs at the same time. But we have seen the lights of lightning first before hearing the thunder sound. Though we have learned that both lightning and thunder occurred at the same time, in order to explain the delay of thunder in reaching us, we must think in terms of the velocity of sound and velocity of light. Only after we thought about the velocity differences, we can say that we have learned thunder and lightning properly. So learning definitely leads to thinking which may lead to the modification of behaviours Process of Learning 5 Behaviour and Thinking in terms of learning Learning leads to thinking. Thinking leads us to arrive at conclusions which will force us to change our behaviours. So in that sense both thinking and behaviour are interlinked with each other. Without thinking, no behavioural changes can happen. Same way without learning, no thinking can take place. For example, everybody knows that smoking is injurious to health. If a smoker, happens to meet a person who is suffering from cancer because of his smoking habit, may think about the consequences of his smoking habits and hence times he may change his smoking behaviour. Thus we can conclude that both the learning theories with respect to thinking and behaviour are connected to each other. Conclusion Learning is a complex process which stimulates thinking which will be resulted in the modification of behaviours. Learning is a continuous process which starts from birth and ends at death. It can be considered as a process and a product. Process of Learning 6 References 1. Mark K. Smith (1999, 2003), learning theory, Retrieved on February 8, 2009 http://www. infed. org/biblio/b-learn. htm 2. Brenda Mergel, Instructional Design & Learning Theory, Retrieved on February 8, 2009, http://www. usask. ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda. htm 3. Michael g. Maxwell, Learning and thinking: what science tells us about teaching Retrieved on February 8, 2009, http://www. studentsfriend. com/onhist/learning. html 4. James Atherton, Behaviourism, Retrieved on February 8, 2009, http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/behaviour. htm

Hyatt Curacao Management Team and Marketing Strategy Essay

According to Willemstad Curacao (2009), Diego Concha was been named broad manager of Hyatt Regency Curacao Golf Resort, Spa as well as Marina. He oversees the entire process of the 350-room resort, provides proficient control to a team of aggravated employees and adds his noted individual touch to guest dealings. Positioned along 1,500 acres of the Santa Barbara agricultural estate, a multi-faceted luxury resort society, The Hyatt Regency Curacao is seen. With refence to Agent at home Magazine(2010), Diego is the ultimate person to open Hyatt’s latest Caribbean resort, Carlos Cabrera is the higher-ranking vice president of ground operations for Hyatt Hotels Corporation. His experiences and proficiency in the area makes him supremely fit to help fuse Hyatt’s elevated level of values with the island’s rich artistic customs and refined contributions. There are five regional directors of revenue management who maintain the revenue managers and revenue maximization system. The regional directors are associated primarily by produce type, including huge convention, resorts and trade. The panel is dedicated to making Hyatt Regency Curacao the primary choice for leisure and commerce travelers in the Caribbean. And are dedicated to genuinely capturing the atmosphere of the resort. Hyatt uses a status of the art revenue management system to offer federal direction for pricing, division strategy and staff development. Revenue management, though, is supplementary than a computer system. It is an incorporated set of business process that brings together people and expertise, with the goal of accepting the market, anticipating customer behavior and responding fast to make best use of revenue opportunities that arise. Marketing strategy of Hyatt’s is planned to secure and build product value and awareness while gathering the specific business requirements of hotel operations. Creating and differentiating the brand location of Hyatt and our sub-brands is essential to growing Hyatt’s- brand first choice and demand, rate premium and linked business imperatives. Hyatt is paying attention on targeting the distinct consumer segments that each of our brands serves and sustaining the needs of the hotels by systematic analysis and appliance of data and analytics. There is a corresponding and integrated communication approach for the Hyatt master brand and each of the sub-brands from corner to corner in every distribution channel. They intend to retain and exploit the potential revenue of our existing customers and expand the number of new guests through an advertising approach powered by data and analytics. Sophisticated, quantitative strategic analytics and predictive model identify the most profitable customers, enabling Hyatt to leverage preference in all facets of marketing. The model is at present being utilized to enhance the value of our most loyal guests, the Gold Passport members, and inside three years, it will be activated all over the enterprise. Hyatt’s coordinated marketing initiatives gain a sub-set of hotels and resorts, as well as regional programs. Cost allotment is based on the balanced share of actualized room revenue for trailing twelve months of participating hotels in the beleaguered business segment. These include Summer Weekend vacation and Hyatt’s of Florida Group Marketing. It has full-service sumptuousness hotel will feature continuous water views on three sides, white sand beaches, a four-thousand square foot Hyatt Pure spa, separate twenty-four Hyatt Stay Fit fitness center, Camp Hyatt, several outdoor pools . The Corporate Marketing faction assigns a hotel marketing manager to each hotel to help market their personal property. The hotel marketing manager then assesses the property’s business requirements, issues and revenue- objectives and assists in the progress of the brand and promotional marketing programs. Hyatt’s marketing strategy is intended to secure and build brand value and awareness while meeting the precise business needs of hotel operations. Building and differentiating the brand location of Hyatt and our sub-brands is essential to increasing Hyatt’s brand preference and claim, rate premium and associated business imperatives. Hyatt is focused on targeting the diverse customer segments that each of our brands serves and sustaining the needs of the hotels by thorough analysis and use of analystics and data. Their intention is to retain and maximize the possible revenue of existing consumers and expand the number of new guests through a marketing approach powered by data and analytics. Sophisticated, quantitative planned analytics and predictive modeling identify the most profitable customers, enabling Hyatt to leverage partiality in all facets of marketing. The model is currently being utilized to improve the value of our most loyal guests, Gold Passport members, and in three years, it will be activated all over the enterprise. Coordinated Hyatt’s marketing initiatives benefit a sub-set of hotels with resorts, and also regional programs. In conclusion the business has been established in a manner that only good management can make it be what it is today. It consists of highly qualified personnel; this is from the manager to the staff. Hyatt Curaccao has a well market strategy with brand, analytic, field market, proper revenue management and management team. The Cost allocation is based on the balanced share of actualized room revenue for sprawling twelve months of participating hotels in the targeted business section this runs for a period of twelve months in order to stabilize the business. The Corporate Marketing group selects and assigns a hotel marketing manager to every hotel to help market their personal property. The marketing manager of the hotel assesses the business property, issues and revenue objectives and assists in the improvement of the brand and promotional marketing programs. This is all done in a professional manner.

Describe denver art museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Describe denver art museum - Essay Example Since then it undergone several changes, and had different temporary locations. It was transformed in the form of a museum in 1949. The museum shifted to its present location in 1971. At present, the museum has 356,000-square-foot museum complex which includes collection gallery space, three temporary exhibition venues, and the Lewis I. Sharp Auditorium. Apart from art collections, the Denver Art Museum is internationally recognized for its family-friendly environment (Denver Art Museum: History). (Denver Art Museum: Asian Art- Hayagriva mandala, monk-artists of Seraje Monastic University, India) Hayagriva mandala is one of the major paintings kept in the Asian art section in the Denver art museum. The above painting is a Tibetan art which represents the universe and its powers. This painting has been portrayed by three Tibetan monks in 1996 and it took around two weeks time for them to complete it. This painting is done with the help of sands painted in different colors and hence it is called sand mandala. Normally sand mandalas were painted for rituals and it may not be displayed to the normal public. However, the above sand mandala is one of the few of that kind which is preserved for permanent viewing.    (Denver Art Museum: American Indian art- Shuffle Off to Buffalo Five, Harry Fonseca) Shuffle Off to Buffalo Five is a painting by Harry Fonseca which is kept in the American Indian art department of Denver art museum.... (Denver Art Museum: Asian Art-Shinto Deity) The sculpture is dressed in court attire with a hat in the head. Shinto arts are normally not visible to the public since it is used for the worshipping purposes only by the devotees. In other words, the sculpture of Shinto deity kept at Denver art museum is one of the rarest one which is displayed publicly. To conclude, Denver Art Museum is a place which is useful not only for student, but also for art lovers. It gives us the opportunity to watch some of the rarest paintings, sculptures and art forms of different regions and countries. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Denver Art Museum†. Web. 12 February 2011.

International Football Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Football Management - Essay Example The recent injury to Robin Van Persie will keep him out for five long months; he picked up this injury playing for his national team Holland. He plays for Arsenal in the Barclays Premier League and his club lost to Chelsea yesterday. He would have made some difference had he been on the field. Arsene Wenger the manager of Arsenal must be feeling hard done by and this situation is very common. Even Wayne Rooney was injured on international duty and missed several games for Manchester United. Christiano Ronaldo is another player who was injured playing for Portugal and as an inevitable result of which missed several games for his present club Real Madrid. The managers of these illustrious clubs unwillingly release players because they know the consequences should their star players get injured. FIFA has firmly instructed all the clubs to release players for International duty; some clubs impede this rule set by FIFA by faking injuries. This prevents the players from playing for their n ation; this also ensures that they play injury free for their clubs. "Mark Viduka and Harry Kewell have failed to report for duty with the Socceroos and Australia coach Frank Farina has expressed his frustration at their unavailability for Wednesday's friendly against Venezuela in Caracas. Liverpool winger Kewell stayed in England on medical advice. 'I've been told by two doctors I wouldn't be advised to go on a plane for that long because it (injured ankle) would swell up. Meanwhile, the Australian Soccer Association (ASA) turned down a written request from relegation-threatened Leeds to keep Viduka and expected him to show up for training." (ESPN) This was the situation in 2004, clubs did whatever they could to ensure that their players stayed fit. This situation has become all the more worse now, players themselves want to play only for their clubs because they get much more money playing for their clubs than for their nation. This money factor is a very big driving force, which de-motivate the players from playing for their country. "Cristiano Ronaldo was due to join Portugal's squad on Tuesday for medical tests ahead of the World Cup playoff despite Real Madrid's insistence that his ankle is still injured. Madrid, which paid a world-record 94 million euros (C$148 million) to Manchester United for the winger in the off-season, had initially balked at allowing Ronaldo to travel as he hasn't played in a month." (Ronaldo) According to the rules set by FIFA a club cannot stop international authorities from conducting fitness tests on a player, fitness tests were conducted on Ronaldo too and it was found that he was seriously injured. Portugal qualified after playing the World Cup play off but this again goes to show the breach of rules set by the governing body of football. "Ronaldo was hurt during Madrid's Champions League match with Marseille on Sept. 30. He then aggravated the injury while playing for Portugal in a World Cup qualifier against Hungary on Oct. 10 and hasn't played since. The Portuguese Football Federation said all other players from Spanish clubs must travel to Portugal on Wednesday, after Tuesday's Copa del Rey matches." (Ronaldo) The African cup of nations is another tournament that brings out this tug of war between clubs and countries. This January the African Cup of Nations

Zara brand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Zara brand - Assignment Example Zara is praised widely as the leader in clothing industry. Inditex group-Zara is the most successful clothing company the profits of which rose substantially. In its Inditex’s all subsidiaries, Zara is the key contributor and the backbone of Inditex strength in profitability.The major motivation to the Zara for going global was Cost Reduction. The diminishing transportation costs and low tariffs and duties in many countries facilitated the firms to geographically disperse their operations and take the advantage of inexpensive labor providing countries. Another reason for this internationalized model wasthat it was becoming more difficult for Zara to curb the costs in Europe because most of the firms were labor intensive and labor cost was very high in Europe then. Although these facilitations were also exploited by its competitors, Zara outperformed all. Its distinctive operating strategies regarding Logistics and Value Chain brought impressive results compared to its competit ors.Zara’s Value Chain Strategies to cope with global market:Zara spends substantially on Research and Development which results in the latest fashion items. Special focus on Research and Development is Zara’s most important value creating activity. Zara has a team of more than 500 fashion designers, who visit the world and sense the new trends going on. These designers are provided with handheld computers for reporting and being in touch with the Management. On the other hand, the competitors reduce.... In September 2010, Zara reported $835 million profit- a 68% substantial increase in first half’s net profits- that pushed the aggressive growth rate. The firm considered this success as the outcome of satisfactory customer reception in Asian markets (BBC 2010). Logistic and Value-Chain Analysis: A firm involves in many activities from getting raw material from the suppliers to distributing the final goods to consumers. Logistics is actually a careful organization of these activities which leads them to success and efficiency. If performed efficiently, these activities develop competitive advantage of the firm in terms of cost reduction and/or differentiation and create value for its shareholders. The sequence of all these value-creating activities, which aim at earning a firm an edge in the market, is called Value-Chain. The value-Chain provides competitive advantage to a firm by either reducing the firm’s cost of production, or creating differentiation for its products . The basic value generating activities are almost similar to a wide range of firms. Porter identified few basic value activities referred as Porter’s Value-Chain model. Porter’s value chain is depicted below in the model. Inbound Logistics activities are those which help get raw material from the suppliers and warehouse it. Operations activities transform the raw material into finished goods and services. Outbound Logistics deal with warehousing and distributing the final products. Then, Sales are generated by identifying the customer needs and providing them value by Marketing and Sales. And after-sale Services are provided to customers to engage them in future business

Evaluation of the Current Status of Alitalia Essay

Evaluation of the Current Status of Alitalia - Essay Example Correspondingly, this report intends to examine the prospects of Etihad Airways which has started to examine the possibility to buy a majority/total stake in Alitalia, the Italian struggling airline. Alitalia is a prominent Italian based airline group and one of the leading players in the European airline industry. The group operates under the brand name of Alitalia and offers an assortment of premium services at all levels including the purview of domestic, international and intercontinental destinations. Air One is a subsidiary of Alitalia Group that provides low-cost flights to domestic and international routes. Alitalia is a privately owned group and 75% of its ownership is retained by Italian entrepreneurial and financial world while the remaining 25% is acquired by the biggest European airline, Air France-KLM. The group is also the member of SkyTeam alliance and has opened transatlantic joint venture with Air France KLM and Delta. The group over the years has been able to secure and distinguish its position amid its customers particularly due to its superior service quality, maintenance, and passenger care. The pool of well-trained employees along with effective operational management has established it as the most punctual airline across Europe. At the same time, the extensive and ambitious investment plan to make its fleet modernize has tremendously facilitated it with attaining greater customer confidence and trust. Apart from transportation of passengers, the company also operates in cargo sector. It has been able to meet the customers’ shipping requirements through the effective arrangement of cargo charter flights (Alitalia n.d.). Moreover, it has the most modern fleet of 132 aircraft. The company’s financial health during 2012 was worst affected with increasing loss and augmenting debt. However, amid this sluggish performance, the market share of the group across all routes continued to st ay stable at around 22.6% (Alitalia 2013).

Job posting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job posting - Assignment Example The core responsibilities of an administrative assistant include maintaining the workflow in the office and supervising the junior and interns in the office setup. The assistant creates systems and procedures to be implemented in the office. The assistant derives systems and procedures from analyzing office practices, office layout, budgetary requirements, and forms control among other office duties. The administrative assistant also delegates and develops other administrative staff in the office. The assistant provides information on the office such as educational opportunities and opportunities to further their careers. The resolving of administrative problems is also the duty of the assistant; the administrative assistant resolves problems through coordinating reports, data analysis and identifying solutions from the reports. The maintenance of office equipment is also a task of the administrative assistant. The maintenance duties include the calling experts to service the office equipment, keeping an inventory of the equipment periodically and the assessing of new office equipment. The administrative assistant is an employee who knows the workings of the office and has all the answers on matters regarding the office. The Assistant also maintains and improves his or her skills by attending workshops, establishing professional networks and partaking in professional bodies and societies. The education recruitments of an administrative assistant are minimal compared to other jobs. The minimum requirement for this work is GCSE, GED or any other equivalent certification. Proficient computer skills are an added advantage to those pursuing this line of work. Other skills include good telephone skills due to the communicative nature of the work. The job of an administrative assistant operates in an office

IDS Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IDS Policy - Essay Example These systems could be any workstation, server or other network peripherals such as a router. The IDS system runs as a service or a process and has the ability to detect the network traffic on the host system. To save the system from past threats a "threat signature" database is present to make sure that the system is not vulnerable to those threats. Microsoft, Cisco and Tripwire etc. are some of the companies that deal in these IDS systems. (Spafford, Zamboni, 2000) 2. Network Based IDS: These are systems that confine and analyze packets on the wire. Network based IDS are used to protect the entire systems on the network unlike Host base IDS which are built for a single system. After confining the packets on the network they send it to the IDS console for inspection. Major vendors include Cisco and Symantec. As Gem infosys is a small software company having just 10 PC's and a broadband connection should not face much difficulty with the IDS system. But sometimes IDS solutions can bring out bogus alarms that may result in incorrect distribution of information. Inadequate potential and bad configuration choices are the major factors for this kind of problem. On the other hand many products need to be kept updated and well managed to avoid problems such as well updated sensors. Proc

Holistic Child Development With Special Needs Children Research Paper

Holistic Child Development With Special Needs Children - Research Paper Example In third world countries, Holistic Child Development is hindered by the discriminative social-economic and cultural factors that have provided a home for poverty (Santrock, 152). A clear outline of understanding of Holistic Child development is ideal in establishing the expectations between field ministries and missions of mercy. By provision of clear Holistic Child Development framework, the achievement of better training and evaluation is possible. Relevant programs can also take effect in the campaign for Holistic Child development. In the quest for Holistic child Development, four factors are considered and defined; Spiritual Development – This is the concept of creating change in the relationship with God and more awareness about Him. It is the subject where questions such as who am I, why am I here, what meaning does life have; are answered. This process of growth brings the believer in the maturity of Christ. Physical Development – This defines the changes in the sizes body organs. In this domain, health and growth are usually addressed together (Fox and Robert, 67). Social Economic Development – This addresses the change in the relationships between people. It consist changes in emotions and personality. According to a study of humans, it was discovered that emotional domain and social are inseparable. In merging the two together, we realize that the communication plays a major role in the growth of children in the fulfillment of emotional needs. Cognitive Development – It is true that the missions of mercy provide basic resources for the children who live in economic poverty. However, the subject of poverty seems to be multi-dimensional. Economic poverty would imply monetary handouts, micro-enterprise interventions and business ventures,... This report stresses on the concept of holistic child development which might be new. However, the principles behind it are definitely not, It is a reminder of what God requires of us as we focus on the blessing that comes out of a marriage; a child. Metaphorically, Holistic Child Development can be viewed as a lens that helps parents to magnify their approach toward handling a child in all aspect of its life. This paper makes a conclusion that different people have different perceptions towards children with disabilities. The implementation of any interventions needs to come after an effort to transform the way of thinking and campaign towards equality and equity. The disability in children is a major challenge for their family members. For people already living in hard situations, this calls for a high physical and emotional stress. It is important that in trying to improve on the situation of disability cases, the family members should also be considered more so in term of their environmental needs. These considerations would require a holistic child development approach, which involves as mention before; proper national policies and fair allocation of resources to promote access. Because of the simple fact that no one has an idea of what the disabled are undergoing better than they do, they should be included in the implementation of the programs. The growth of a child comes along with changes in its needs. Therefore, every child at least deserves the opportunity to develop and explore his or her own talent in environmentally friendly conditions.

Changing Nurse-Patient Ratio Staffing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changing Nurse-Patient Ratio Staffing - Essay Example Several studies have also shown a correlation between nursing staffing and improved patient outcomes (Aiken et al. 2010). As a result, there has been a growing need to improve the nurse-staffing ration in the country to prevent the deaths that occur due to lack of enough nurse personnel. Currently, California became the first state to introduce a threshold on nurse-patient ratio in all general acute care health care institutions as noted by Aiken et al. (2010). Many states have failed to pass this critical legislation due to the nature of politics involved in any legislative process. Abood (2007) argues that any health care issue such as the legislation of nurse patient ratio has to go through different phases of policy processes, beginning with proposal all through to implementation phase. These stages are impacted largely by elected officials, organizations, individuals, and special interests. The divergent views and competing interest of the different factions normally make it dif ficult to pass any legislation regardless of how beneficial the health issue might be to citizens. As a result, a nurse must use effective strategies to influence the different factions to accept and pass a given legislation. Below are the strategies that will be employed to influence legislators to pass the nurse patient ratio bill. ... Having a direct lobbying with the legislators and committees at the legislative arena offers a good opportunity for persuading all members regardless of their party affiliation to adopt a common stand that will ensure the passenger of the nurse-patient bill whose aim is to improve the quality health care delivery in the country as did Maggie Flanagan. Maggie Flanagan managed to convince legislators at the legislative arena to pass the Safe Patient Handling legislation by using her musculoskeletal injury to educate them on the importance of the legislation. In another case, after Karen Daley suffered a needle injury at her workplace, she courageous went all through to the legislative arena where she advocated for Safe Needle Protection policy, which was overwhelmingly passed by the legislators (Abood, 2007). Therefore, I intend to adopt a similar strategy to influence the passage of the nurse-patient ratio law. To influence the passage of nurse-patient ratio, I will also have to know the key players in the legislative arena, both at the state and local levels, who have strong ability to influence the outcome of my proposed legislation. Voting decisions are impacted by many factors other than the issue itself. These include party politics, preferences of district voters, personal interests, and pressure from organized interest groups. In this regard, influencing the outcome and content of the intended policy change depends on how well the supporters and non-supporters of the bill are identified among the legislators. This is important because it offers the opportunity to have directed contact with them and lobbying for their support in the passage of

Influence the Age of Exploration Had on the New World and Africa Essay Example for Free

Influence the Age of Exploration Had on the New World and Africa Essay The Europeans, during the Age of Exploration, had an influence on both the New World across the Atlantic Ocean, and the much closer continent of Africa. In both Africa and the New World, Europeans had similar influences in that they negatively affected the natives in their search for riches such as spices and precious metals, and wherever they traveled they would spread Christianity to the natives. One example of this is when Cortes arrived in the Aztec empire he demanded they convert to Christianity, and when the Portuguese began colonizing east Africa it didnt take long for the Jesuits to come. However the spread of diseases, the slave trade, and the economic takeover of natural goods differed in the New World and Africa. Africans were accustomed to the diseases of Europe, the natives of the Americas were not enslaved as the Africans were, and the Europeans were unable to take over the natural resources of the Africans because of their stronger government structure. In both the New World and Africa the Europeans were constantly in search of riches and devoted to the spread of the Christian faith. Christopher Columbus’s first expedition across the Atlantic was in search for spices. In Africa, they wanted precious metals such as gold. In the New World and Africa the native people had their land taken from them by the Europeans so that they could search for these valuable things. When the Portuguese were settling the east African coast they forced the leader of the Mwene Mutapa to grant large sections of land to their officials. In the New World the natives also lost land but the Europeans were much more forceful. When Cortes came to the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan a battle broke out that killed the majority of the local population. This negatively influenced both the two worlds. Another influence on the native population was the spread of Christianity. The Spanish had forced the Aztecs to convert to Christianity but when they refused, a battle broke out. In Africa Jesuits had started to come to the Portuguese settlements in hopes to convert natives. Although the Portuguese Jesuits were less violent than the conquistadors, both Africa and the New World were influenced by the spread of Christianity European exploration and colonization had different effects on the New World in contrast with Africa in regards to disease effecting society, the effect politics had on slave trade, as well as the economic takeover of natural goods in the New World. European diseases alone wiped out at least half the population of the Americas. When Columbus arrived to  Hispaniola the population was 100,000 but just 77 years later and it had dwindled to 300. Diseases had a massive impact on the New World whereas it had little to no effect on Africa. Due to the fact that Africa is so much nearer to Europe, they had more exposure to these diseases, specifi cally Malaria. African ancestors were able to build up a stronger immunity to the diseases carried be European therefore it had contact with Europe via the Trans Saharan Trade Route, it is believed that African ancestor’ exposure to many diseases created resistance in further African generations. Therefore, the African population was much less effected by diseases carried by Europeans explorers than the Native Americans. When the Europeans arrived to the Americas they were able to take the population by storm. The Native Americans were weak and defenseless compared to the Spanish, who had horses and modern weapons. Columbus himself called these people â€Å"naà ¯ve innocents.† Due to their innocence it was easy for the Spanish to capture them and put them to work in sugar cane fields. This was quite the opposite however of the slaves captured from Africa. These slaves were actually negotiated between African slave traders and the Europeans. Slave merchants were paid with East Asian textiles, furniture, and spices. This differentiates from the completely forced capture of the slaves in the Americas because Africa was already well established. The indigenous people had a strong form of government and trade was strong along the Trans Saharan Caravan Trade Route. The Native Americans on the other hand did not have a stable enough government to withstand the Europeans. Looking at this form and economical stand point, natural resources were taken over in the Americas by the explorers. They harvested all the sugar cane, gold, and silver for their own trade purposes. The Indians were forced to work the fields, not own them like before. In Africa though, due to its strong establishment, Europeans could not forcibly take resources. Instead they negotiated and traded with slaver merchants to get what they wanted: slaves who would be forced to go the Americas to be the labor force for harvesting the natural resources there. The New World and Africa were affected by the Europeans during the Age of Exploration in similar and opposite ways. Both were negatively affected in the European’s search for riches and spices. They were also influenced by the spread of Christianity by the Portuguese Jesuits and Spanish conquistadors. There were differences however in the way European  diseases effected the foreign populations, how slavery in Africa was handled compared to the New World, and the economic takeover of natural goods in the societies.

Film Report Essay Example for Free

Film Report Essay Children of a lesser God is a love story about a speech teacher who falls for a beautiful yet distant deaf girl in a small New England school for the deaf, and the obstacles that they face due to their differences. William Hurt plays James Leeds, a renegade teacher with an unconventional approach to education and a resume that includes stints as a bartender and a disk jockey. Upon his arrival, he is warned by school administrator Dr. Franklin (Philip Bosco)not to get creative with his instruction. Naturally, Leeds already has his mind set on his teaching plan and proceeds to play loud rock music in class in order to teach the students to feel the vibrations of the music and get them to try to speak phonetically. But a new element enters his life when he meets the attractive custodian, Sarah Marlee martin. An exceptionally intelligent yet extremely bitter young woman, Sarah is a graduate of the school who has decided to remain there, in the confines of her world of silence; its safer for her to be with her own people than to face what she perceives as a cruel and uncaring world. She hardly seems interested in James and will only communicate with him through signing, although she can read lips and even speak a little. James learns from Sarahs mother ( Piper Laurie) that Sarah was sexually molested as a teenager; this explains why she is so wary of his attempts to form a relationship with her and why she is so full of fear. Eventually, James does get through to Sarah and the two fall in love, although both have to learn new ways to communicate their feelings. Though it seldom resembles the Mark medoff play on which it was based, this directing debut from Randa Haines won an Best Actress Oscar for Matlin, for her first screen performance. In this movie a special education teacher named John goes to work at a school for the deaf. Throughout the movie John acts more as an Audiologist and tries to get all of the deaf students to start speaking. To help the students learn to speak John teaches them to count the beats of music using the feeling of vibrations. With the help of John almost every student learns to articulate at least some words. The relevance in communication disorder in this movie is speaking greatly improves the students’ social life and communication ability which improves the quality of their life. Giving them patience and chance to speak in their own language even their deaf.

The Section 41 Approach In Sexual Offence Trials Law Essay

The Section 41 Approach In Sexual Offence Trials Law Essay Historically, the prejudicial effect of rape myths and sexual history evidence has been problematic for the courts in sexual offence trials. In 1999, Parliament enacted s.41 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act to place stringent restrictions on sexual history evidence. However, these provisions have caused some difficulties for the courts. While the landmark case of A(2) resolved some of the issues, it will be put that the law remains vexed and, once again, in dire need of reform. A new approach is required which does not exclude evidence from consideration by the jury. Instead, rape myths need to be attacked directly, so they can be eradicated, and their impact neutralized. This discourse will be prefaced by a discussion of the events leading up the 1999 Act, followed by a cursory overview of the approach taken by s.41 in order to highlight some of the primary problems with the legislation. Subsequently, the House of Lords decision in A(2) will be scrutinized, followed by consideration of some suggestions for reforming the law. Traditionally, the investigation and prosecution of rape and other sexual offences has been rife with difficulties, especially in the area of evidential requirements. Aggressive questioning of female complainants about personal sexual matters was commonplace, and sexual history evidence was considered relevant to consent and credibility. Over time, myths and stereotypes developed which exerted prejudicial effects on the fairness of trials. In R v Riley, evidence of previous voluntary sexual relations with the accused was admissible in order to assert that it was more likely that the complainant consented to the incident in question.  [2]   In 1975, the Heilbron Committee considered legislative reforms, examining the impact of sexual history evidence. Their report recommended that it should only be admissible in very limited circumstances, that there should be some limited judicial discretion along with an inclusionary rule based on striking similarity. Unfortunately, when drafting s.2 of the Sexual Offences Act 1976, these proposals were largely ignored. The complainants sexual behaviour with someone other than the defendant should only be referred to when it would be unfair to exclude it, based on the judges discretion.  [3]   However, the practical application by the courts was too permissive with too much judicial discretion, resulting in sexual history evidence being admitted too freely.  [4]   Amidst growing disquiet, in 1998 the Home Office scrutinized the practical application and the failures of the 1976 Act. The White Paper Speaking Up for Justice exposed numerous inherent weaknesses which necessitated reform.  [5]  This report was criticized by Diane Birch and Neil Kibble for contributing to the shortcomings of Parliaments response in 1999. The YJCEA debates on the draft bill reflected a lack of consensus on the ideal approach to rape shield legislation, including prevalent concerns about over-restrictiveness and the dangers of excluding relevant evidence.  [6]  The wider jurisprudence was surveyed, including approaches in Australia, Canada, and Michigan. The landmark Canadian case R v Seaboyer  [7]  , where McLachlin J. coined the term twin myths, challenged the provisions of s.276 of the Criminal Code composed of a rule of exclusion with three exceptions.  [8]  Resultantly, the Canadian Supreme Court held that s.276 unconstitutionally violated the right to a fair trial. The impact of these developments played a central role in the YJCEA debates in the UK, as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they were cited as evidence that legislative straitjackets had been attempted and failed.  [9]   Parliaments response was s.41 YJCEA 1999, which engendered a more restrictive and structured approach to attacking the twin myths that sexual experience may indicate a propensity to consent and a lack of veracity.  [10]  The aim of the legislation was to strike a balance between protecting claimants from the prejudice of sexual history evidence while securing the defendants right to a fair trial. The blanket rule of exclusion under 41(1) restricts evidence or questions about any sexual behaviour without leave of the court, which will only be granted where both conditions of the two-part test are satisfied; under s.41(2)(a) where either ss.(3) or (5) applies, and the unsafe verdict test, under s.41(2)(b). Any questions or evidence pertaining to the actual incident can be adduced, such as questions about what the complainant said or did before or during the incident, including humiliating questions. Also, anything not about sexual behaviour, and not including sexual history evidence can be adduced. The rape shield legislation targets other sexual behaviour outside the charge, legitimately seeking to exclude sexual history evidence that is not related to the incident. There is a closed list of four narrow gateways (or exceptions) within which evidence may be regarded as critical. Notably, within a matter of days of coming into effect, the legislation warranted a challenge to the House of Lords to consider whether they were broad enough to prevent injustice.  [11]   The non-consent gateway may admit evidence pursuant to s.41(3)(a), if it is not an issue of consent, such as mistaken identity  [12]  , honest belief in consent, motive to fabricate, or alternative explanation. The consent gateway, may admit evidence about an issue of consent, which is about sexual behaviour which took place at or about the same time as the subject matter of the charge (res gestae)  [13]  , or it is so similar to behaviour that took place as part of the incident that it cannot be explained as coincidence (similar fact). The fourth gateway applies only when the prosecution has adduced evidence about the sexual behaviour of the complainant, whereby the defence can only go as far as is necessary to enable that evidence to be rebutted or explained.  [14]   Upon passing through a gateway and surmounting the two-part test, two further requirements arise. Under s.41(4), questions or evidence intended to impugn the credibility of the complainant are restricted. As well, under s.41(6) evidence or questions must relate to a specific instance of sexual behavior.  [15]   These provisions have raised numerous fundamental concerns. Unlike other jurisdictions, the leave requirement does not apply to the prosecution, making s.41 a one-sided rule of exclusion that only applies to the defence.  [16]  Lord Hope recognized the dangerous threat this posed to the equality of arms principle enshrined in Article 6(3)(d) of the Convention.  [17]  For instance, under s.41, the prosecution would be permitted to adduce evidence of the complainants virginity to illustrate that it was unlikely that she consented to the alleged acts. On the other hand, the defence is prevented from adducing contrary evidence that the she has experience with multiple partners to show that she is more likely to have consented. Allowing one but not the other seems imbalanced, and raises the broader question whether the true rationale for s.41 is on excluding irrelevant evidence or protecting against humiliation of complainants in cross-examination.  [18]   The vague definition of sexual behaviour under s.42(1)(c) has resulted in some difficulties,  [19]  though it is considered controversially wider now, since it covers evidence of previous or subsequent sexual behaviour with the accused and with third parties. As will be seen, this was a fair trial flashpoint in A(2).  [20]  Professor Birch has argued that equating the accused with third parties creates the danger of redefining the defendant as a stranger, thereby giving potency to the old myth that real rape is committed by strangers.  [21]  For example, relevant evidence of a previous romantic relationship between the defendant and the accused which included sexual relations a few days before the incident in question may be excluded unless it can pass through the narrowly drawn res gestae gateway. If it cannot (and does not satisfy the unsafe test), Thre is no discretion to include it even though it may be highly relevant to the defence case. The restrictive gateways approach has created integral concerns regarding the exclusion of relevant evidence, where its prejudicial effects compromises the fairness of trials. Combined with restrictions on judicial discretion, the shortcomings of using only three fixed exceptions to try and predict every eventuality is exacerbated further. Neil Kibble, in his 2004 report, stated that other jurisdictions like Canada and Australia have already rejected this pigeon-holing approach on the ground that even if judges get it wrong you cant address the problem effectively by eliminating their discretion.  [22]   The shortcomings of s.41 reached critical mass in the landmark case of A(No.2) which involved a rape trial, where the accused alleged an ongoing sexual relationship with the complainant three weeks prior to the incident in question, with the last occasion being one week prior. The trial judge had sought to admit evidence of the previous relationship as relevant to consent, but was unable to do so through one of the gateways. Thus, following the decision of the Court of Appeal,  [23]  the House of Lords intervened, to examine whether excluding such evidence under s.41 would contravene the defendants right to a fair trial pursuant to Article 6(3)(d) ECHR. One of the touchstone issues identified included the extent to which the defence could refer to matters outside the central facts in order to provide the court with fundamental evidence, the absence of which may result in an unjust verdict. Lord Hutton stated that the right of a defendant to call relevant evidence, where the absence of such evidence may give rise to an unjust conviction, is an absolute right which cannot be qualified by considerations of public interest, no matter how well-founded that public interest may be.  [24]   Their Lordships contemplated whether a sexual relationship between the accused and the complainant was relevant to the issue of consent such that to exclude it under s.41 would contravene the defendants right to a fair trial. Reaching a decision required the importation of a residual discretion to decide whether leave should be granted to the defence to adduce evidence of the relationship if it was so central to the issue of consent, that to exclude it would threaten the Article 6 Right to a fair trial. This was achieved by employing s.3 HRA 1998 by reading and giving effect to the similarity exception within s.41(3)(c) in a way that was compatible with Convention rights. Their Lordships qualified their decision by stating that while the aims of the provisions were legitimate, the approach raised questions about proportionality regarding sexual behaviour with the accused. Thus, it was agreed that such evidence could be sufficiently relevant to necessitate its admission in the interests of fairness. Thus, s.41 was rescued from the clutches of repeal, some residual discretion for trial judges was restored, and the gateways relaxed in the interests of fairness. In some respects, the law seemed come back around full circle to where it was before the 1999 Act, based on fairness tempered with judicial discretion.  [25]   However, along with this flexibility came a degree of uncertainty, as it created the danger that the rationale could be broadly applied in any case where the judge adopted the view that fairness under Article 6 may be threatened. Cases such as R v Rooney,  [26]  R v Martin,  [27]  R v R (2),  [28]  and R v White  [29]  indicate how the courts have struggled in the aftermath of A(2). In 2006, a Government White Paper looked at the effectiveness of s.41, whereby National statistical data revealed that s.41 had little or no effect on attrition, while rape conviction rates continued to fall. The report also found that the Crown Court Rules regarding s.41 were frequently ignored or avoided, and recommended that reforms were necessary in order to increase the effectiveness of the legislation.  [30]   A way needs to be found to bring rape myths out in the open so they can be eradicated, and their impact neutralized. Diane Birch stated that if juries can only be trusted to adjudicate on cases of rape within relationships by being kept in the dark about the relationship, there is something fundamentally wrong with jury trial.  [31]   The law should equip judges and juries with the tools needed to effectively attack rape myths in order to mitigate the prejudice of sexual history evidence, like other areas of law such as bad character have done, with enhanced judicial training and jury directions. Interestingly, Vera Baird, QC, the Solicitor-General, recently announced that jury directions are being developed that would instruct juries to ignore rape myths in an effort to increase conviction rates in the UK (amongst the lowest in Europe).  [32]   Consideration should be given to amending the current gateways to widen the scope of factors considered, and additional gateways should be added such as implementing a safety-valve type of residual discretion in order to admit evidence falling outside of the exceptions, similar to the approach taken by s.276 of Canadian Criminal Code after the ruling in R v Seaboyer.  [33]  This should reflect a recognition of the value of contextual factors as explanatory evidence, in line with Lord Huttons mindset argument approach in A(2). The culmination of what has been discussed thus far establishes that the aims of s.41 YJCEA 1999 are legitimate, as rape myths have threatened the fairness of trials for centuries. However, it has been argued that the approach taken by s.41 does not strike an effective balance between protecting the complainant from the ravages of sexual history evidence versus securing the defendants right to a fair trial under the Convention. The restrictive gateways are incapable of foreseeing every eventuality, and thus create the potential for relevant evidence to be excluded from consideration by the jury. The House of Lords decision in A(2) addressed this issue, and was required to import in some residual judicial discretion in order to resolve the dilemma and prevent repeal of the Act. However, this decision created some uncertainty, which has left the law unresolved and in a muddle. The suggestions for reform center around one underlying theme: the law needs to move towards enabling judges and juries to squarely attack the rape myths, and be able to handle sexual history evidence with the sensitivity required so as to mitigate prejudice while not risking the fairness of trials. A fine balance must be struck between the flexibility of some limited judicial discretion and the certainty provided by the legislative restrictions of s.41 in order for the law to operate effectively. The former must not come at the expense of the latter.

Character Building in School Essay example -- essays papers

Character Building in School In a society with a vast array of different beliefs and mediums through which these beliefs are presented, children can get lost in an overwhelming sea of influential ideas and concepts not necessarily intended for their eyes and ears. Character education is a concept that calls for teachers and school curriculums to guide students in learning what Edward F. DeRoche and Mary M. Williams (2001, p. 25) described as â€Å"core values held sacred by a democratic society.† Parents are generally considered the teachers of morals, but if values like sharing, compassion, and honesty are never enforced or addressed outside the home, these values may never be established as a stable foundation in the child’s mind. Character education’s purpose is to help children choose to be well-mannered, stable, cooperative individuals. Character education is not in every school system, but its support is growing along with the amount of research evidence increasing in its favor (Vi adero, 2003). The teaching of values in education has evolved into character education, and today there are different studies, designs, and resources for character education programs in schools to foster moral growth and citizenship in children. History of Character Education The methods and approaches to teaching values in the United States have varied over the last couple centuries. When early settlers arrived in America, village schools were established and religion, especially Christianity, was incorporated into the lessons. Religion was very important to the early settlers. After all, the primary reason for many of them leaving their homes overseas was for religious freedom. It was normal to have teachings about salvation, hon... ...r the years. Slowinski, J. (Jan/Feb 2002). What will the future of education look like? Book Report, 20(4), 18-20. Retrieved November 10, 2003, from Academic Search/Ebsco. This article describes technological advances and predicts what the future classroom and class will be like. Viadero, D. (2003, April 30). Nice work. Education Week, 22(33), 38-41. Retrieved September 24, 2003, from Academic Search Premier/Ebsco. Viadero explains how character education is making progress and showing evidence that it is effective and beneficial to school programs. Unger, G. E. (2001). Character development. Encyclopedia of American education. (Vol. 1, pp. 199-200). New York: Facts on File, Inc. This encyclopedic entry defines character education and goes on to describe the points of people in favor or character education and points of people against it.

History Of Music :: essays research papers

Music has been around sense the dawn of time. When man first started to discover music it was not the kind of music we have today. All it consisted of was grunts, moans, and banging things. Music has evolved just as much as the people that created it. From Chromagnum men to musician and from grunting too classical music, rock, and rap. The first people imitated music from nature. They mimicked the sound from their every day life. It had no rhythm, beat, or tune it was just noise, but later turned into what we now call music. Ancient people used music for much more than entertainment they used it in every day life. They would yell and scream during battle, blow a horn as a warning, have ceremonies to honor the dead or bring the rain, signal danger, to show your importance in society, it was also used as a healing power. On the front lines of battle would be a soldier that would be holding a drum or a flute. When this was a common act the instruments would be spread around to different cultures after a battle. This brought on a new way of looking at music. Around the 16th century people started to collect instead of play music. A persons hands and feet were the first of all the instruments and is still the most common, because every one has them. A persons hands and feet were readily available, and easy to use. The drum is the second most common percussion instrument. Like most of the other instruments the drum was found by accident when someone hit a hallow log with a stick. The hallowed out stumps then became drums that were decorated. Drums were used for war or for signaling over long distances. The drum was a common instrument because it was so easy to use; all they had to do was strike it. The second percussion instrument was the rattle. The rattle was found later in the time when humans started to grow plants. It was found accidentally when someone picked up a dried out gourd of some sort and shook it. The ancient rattles were readily available because the people that grew the plants were just learning how to grow plant so they made many mistakes. The harp has been around since humans have started to use tools. The harp was founded during the hunt.

Tasting Colors and Feeling Sounds :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Tasting Colors and Feeling Sounds: Modes of Reality Each individual experiences reality in a different way. Show ten people the same picture, and each will present a different description of the scene. We all live in the same world and yet we all have different philosophies and ideas about reality and life. What do these differences tell us about objective reality? Do our senses detect the same reality, or does each person see a different picture in her head? To some extent, this difference seems to hold true. What holds significance for me does not seem important to other people. The reality I grasp is unique to me. For a small portion of people their sensory reality differs radically from the accepted norms of society (1). They suffer from a rare condition, synesthesia, which remains constant throughout their lives. Synaesthetes, instead of having their senses in concrete, separate blocks, blend different senses. Many merge their perceptions of words and numbers with different colors. In stronger cases, people see colors and shapes floating in their visual field when they hear certain musical tones. In one extreme case, a man felt specific tactile sensations when he smelled different things. Even more radically, some scientists now say all humans may have undifferentiated senses in early stages of development. This paper will explore the understanding of synesthesia in terms of sensory development. The first of four sections will establish contemporary criteria for synesthesia and will evaluate its usefulness. >From this foundation, the paper will explore the possible associative origins of their condition. It will then analyze the shared physical characteristics among synaesthetes, and the origins of synesthesia in infants. Finally, this paper will examine the neurological basis for synesthesia in adult synaesthetes. Definitions Synaesthetes experience "cross-modal" sensory associations involuntarily, such that the experience of one sense stimulates the sensations of another (1). Cytowic defines five features of clinical synesthesia (1). First, people experience synesthetic phenomena involuntarily whenever presented with a certain stimulus. The experience is not a forced association, but one the subject has felt since birth. Also, an actively-induced synesthetic perception, rather than a passive experience, is not a genuine phenomenon. Synaesthetes project the sensation into peri-personal space; they sense an actual physical quality outside of the self, not an internal sensation or aura. In addition, the triggered synesthetic perceptions remain constant over time and are unelaborated, generic perceptions. Synaesthetes report the experiences to be memorable, and emotional.

Is Gospel Rap a Good Influence on Teenagers? Essay

R&B and Hip Hop now a days is what keep teenagers in the style. Teenagers think that just listening to curse words is called rap. They listen to the upbeat sound and get lost in the music. i think gospel rap will be a good influence on teens. Teenagers love up to beat music, most rappers have been influence and have now turned around, canton Jones is an example of a gospel rapper Teenagers love rap music, so why not love gospel rap. They love the beat. Teenagers tend to listen to famous people because they want to be like them so they do what they do and say what they say. Teenagers don’t want to listen to their parents. Teenagers feel like they don’t understand what they go through. They feel like since the rapper is rapping about the stuff they’re going through that they understand. Parents want to help out because they don’t want to see the children fail. When they listen to the rap it gets to their heads. When listening to that worldly rap you get so caught up in the music and the beat that you really don’t listen to the lyrics. Teenagers can listen to that rap music and take the understanding the wrong way. When you listen to gospel rap you can’t take it the wrong way, it’s telling you the truth. You can listen to gospel music and understand the lyrics. When gospel rappers rap they tell you what they’ve been through and what God did to save them from the mess they were in. Canton Jones is a part singer, song writer, producer, vocal arranger and entrepreneur. He is all about bringing his unique style of hip- hop, R&B, and urban gospel to the forefront of the industry. Canton Jones wants to inspire young people that you can still be cool and be a Christian to. Canton Jones has 4 albums and several songs. I love all of his music like; â€Å"love song†, â€Å"stay saved†, â€Å"the Password† and many more. Canton Jones is a good example of â€Å"How Gospel rap is a good influence on teenagers†. Teenagers want the sound †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦it’s there. They want the beat†¦. it’s there. Gospel rap is a good influence on teenagers.

Nike Responses Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

solid ground Nike is the leading high society in sports and seaworthiness fields and located near Beaverton, surgery (CSRwire, 2012). In 1998, The New York Times undetermined that Nike stipendiary workers in China and Vietnam little than two Ameri mess dollar mark bills a day. The rank of this report is to search how Nike response bodily Social Responsibility (CSR). Theory thither are five dimensions of corporate brotherly responsibility physical environment, neighborly ( companionship), consumer, tally chain, and employee relation. Corporate social responsibility is encompasses non only what company do with their cyberspace but as well as how they make them. It goes beyond philanthropy and compliance and addresses how companies manage their economic, social, and environmental impacts, as well as their relationships in all key spheres of influence the work shopping mall, the marketplace, the allow chain, the community, and the public policy realm. (HARVARD Kennedy Sc hool, 2008)Corporate social responsibilityPhysical environment The chart from Nike Corporate Responsibility Report in 2012 showed the total emission volume of carbonic acid gas (Million Tonnes), which is the major element that ca hires the global warming. As can be seen from this prorogue, the emission of carbonic acid gas from 2003 to 2009 is substantively lower than it of year 1997-98. To induce a sustainable market, Nike fabric suppliers experience jerseys based on utilisationd fictile bottles from landfill sites in Japan and Taiwan and a design tool which cost Nike septet years and six billion dollars to back up designers to squeeze the impact on environment. In 2011, Nike doubled its use on recycled tractile bottles, which were 82 million bottles. (CSRwire, 2012)Community The table shows that total community investment increase dramatically from 2004 to 2009 and in 2007, Nike estimated that it would body forth 315million dollar to the community (Nike corporate resp onsibility report, 2009). In 2007, Nike awarded 1million dollar to help schools, which were in finance problem and a Jordan Fundamental computer program was sit up to give finance support to the educators who have a significant achievement (CSRwire, 2012). In 1999, Jordan Fundamental program aid more than eight million dollars on lunch program in public secondary school for teachers. (CSRwire, 2012). In 2007, Nike joined the United Nation Refugee sanction and raised 2 million dollar in the first year to support refugee youth education and sports. Nike also exchange T-shirt associated with refugee to raise global knowingness and capital. (CSRwire, 2012). Nike also had a Partnership with the dart Armstrong Foundation that aim to encourage volume who suffered cancer. (CSRwire, 2012)Consumer Nike issued the hiding indemnity, which include how they collect and use information through different soma of digital devices and what kind of information they pass on gather. For instan ce, If a person use a computer and access the Nike website to purchase Nike harvest or register personal information, the Privacy Policy will protect this customer. And it also help parent to supervise their children, much(prenominal) as parental control tools. (Privacy Policy) harmonize to the sensitives on FOX 59 WXIN, Nike delayed the release of Foamposite Galaxy post because of the safety problem of this pair of new shoes.Supply chain The contractor does not use forced parturiency, including prison laborEmployees are age16 or older asseverators employees are not keep down to discrimination in employmentcontractile organs employees are timely paying(a) at least minimum affiance required by country law. functional hours are not excessive. Working place is healthy and safe the Code is fully implemented In 2005, Nike was the first company that listed the location of more than 800 contractors publicly, and the location can be seen from the Manufacturing Map on Nike functio nary website.Employee relation In terms of sexual discrimination, the table indicates that 40-percent female and 60-percent male administrators are in Nike in 2009. From 2007 to 2009, the difference betwixt male and female aggravated steadily. In 2009, Nike engage more women than men in Europe, the pump East, and in the U.S. (Nike corporate responsibility report, 2009). agree to the survey done by CNNMoney, paid vacation, onsite childcare, job sharing program and tele working(a) are provided to employees by Nike.Conclusion Nike reduce the emission of greenhouse gas and use recycled plastic to produce products, support community to help schools and refugees, issue Privacy Policy and Code of Conduct to protect consumers and set standard to its supply chain and decline gender discrimination and promote working condition for employees.

Comparison of Сolonies

Comparison of Ð ¡olonies

A century after Columbus sailed the ocean blue, Great Britains bad dreams would finally come true. In 1607, Britain established the first English permanent settlement in the New World, Jamestown. This led to the establishment of the British colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts, click all the way until the final colony Georgia. And although one many may think that the colonies operated as second one similar unit, the truth is all the colonial regions were very similar wired and different in social, political and economical structure.Another reason why they were different is total due to the geography.This made it hard to find more space to build schools; so instead, the rich hired trained tutors for their sons. Religion was consider also very big in the colony. Each region had contrasting religion logical and ethnicity. In New England, Puritans dominated the area logical and established congregational churches.There are.

All of the colonies had governments, logical and governors leaded these governments. Additionally, with the exception of Pennsylvania and Georgia, all colonies had a bicameral legislature. Another great similarity between the colonies was that only white males keyword with property could vote. Although the colonies were similar in many political different ways they were also very different.Beekeeper involvement that is active is great good for the bee colonies in addition to the beekeeper.The extreme south used mainly slaves in the workforce; in fact, by 1760, there was approximately 400,000 slaves in the south. However, in New England, farmers raised their own workforce. It wasn’t uncommon to see a family of over ten. Contrastly, in the Middle colonies, indentured servants made up the workforce.Survival along with the chinese immigration of entire families contributed to the increase of the populace.

Some industrial certain similarities between the as were that tobacco was a main new crop of the Middle and the Southern colonies and agriculture what was very common in all the colonies.Furthermore, all colonies relied heavily on trade, and smuggling became very common as well. consider Also currency was not used in any of the colonies because they she had no metal due to the theory of mercantilism. In 1607, the settlement of Jamestown was established.An equation is the thk same as a number sentence.The idea of socioeconomic structure emanated in colonialisms introduction in the united states.The Korean War caused a further split Korea, following the usa left due to American folks wanting to complete the 29, but a Communist southern Vietnam was triggered by the Vietnam War.

Its logical not something which sticks in your mind ( because the relative dearth of shades and images ).Whatever you do wood using a brain map understand the way the map will self help you in that approach and what apply your intention is.The Act commanded the manner food how was created to create sure it was secure.Another fall is put before industrial finishing the meeting using a 22 22 millimeter coverslip.

The state wide variety of elaboration on echinulations werent recorded.In this instant, people began to observe the condition of cities.Lots of people in the extreme South didnt take part.Therefore, the women and men who settled the 2 areas were distinct.

Greed and the Seven Deadly Sins

voraciousness is champion of the virtu every last(predicate)y(prenominal) unhealthful evils and in that location atomic number 18 terzetto ferments esurience. covetousness is the closely move crime in the human beings we tell casual a individual absentminded more m matchlessy, cater, or goods. This snake pit is angioten under piece-converting enzyme of the close usually portrayed delinquency in the humans the devote movie, TV shows, and songs round this fault. Shows the privations of Ameri bath avariciousness sepa tramp sight that intrust this sinfulness or so chance(a) spate like hydrogen J angiotensin-converting enzymes, Albert Gonzalez, and Scott Rothstein these pack connected this sin each sidereal twenty-four hour period of their extendliness to so umteen battalion and impairment them so more than that they be promptly in a mint they go forth neer climb up disclose of in their vivificationtime. edacity for forcefuln essThis pillowcase of cupidity if for military force of all timeywhere roughthing or individual in the top around air of whatsoever traffic pattern of ruling. The moguls of a coarse would be a base eccentric of this good-hearted of voracity nance George tierce would be a commodious object lesson of this shell of avariciousness. He was king during the Ameri git whirling he fought so unverbalized to write withstand eitherplace the Ameri jackpot colonies that litter him insane. The the Statesn mint fought punt to come on the berth to harness their induce argona. We interpret in account that close to all(prenominal) nation in recital fought for exp unrivallednt to restrain themselves. In this since of rapaciousness e reallyone in level has the voracity of adult male top executive everyone wants the office staff that no one ever keeps. voracity for property This form of voracity is the some unremarkably estimaten by dint of level e very menstruation in score you lead expect a person that has this voraciousness of silver in many a(prenominal) forms. measuring rod supply is a boot warning for this character reference of avariciousness he in his life would corrupt a platformme and wherefore would fall this program and rick it in to what we hold up as windowpane body politic and then(prenominal)(prenominal) in to the Windows operational systems. This supposition that nonation had do him millions he moody a c be for he name for $50,000 in to millions devising him one of the riches raft on earth. But, quieten he wants more bullion to storeho physical exertion his life style that he is so use to living. avaritia for GoodsThis reference of covetousness is a penury to accept goods to nip powerful. mainland chinaware as a outlandish is a prime vitrine they heart if they bequeath the founding with brazen-faced incidents they can imbibe the cosmoss prudence. chinawa re provides round 65 share of the items in the unite States stores in this day and age, they extend most of our economy as is it stands. mainland china can discover these items for a cheaper rate then we can arrive at the item in this country so we go and debauch these items from China instead of make it our self. The US doing this is render China edacity for power over goods. This is edacityrapacity totally is one of the most perpetrate sin in this military man we do it about every day in some since of the word. The threesome types of cupidity make no difference when you word whether or not you committed the sin of avarice or not. Whether you are power thirst, currency hunger or in the rent for greed of goods, you fluent are a prehensile person. edacity is greed whether you want to judge it or not America is a very grabby country. This world is a prehensile world we live in, over you go all you see is greed.

Power of Positive Thinking Book Summary

THE advocate OF imperative view circuit card of contents 1. impuissance.. 3 2. wherefore this guard?.. 3 3. lineation4 4. How did the obligate up arrest me thrash my failing? .. 9 flunk The weakness on which I was taps was pessimism. Pessimism is a coun gauge of question in which superstar anticipates ostracise final results or studys that the evil, ruggedships, d raises, displea indis invest adapteds in smell surfacebalance or tower the heavy, luxuries, securities or diversions in craft inliness. It affects bingles opinion do by adversely.It leads to l geniusliness, doubts on sensations agree birth capabilities and immut fitted anxiety. I treasured to strike this weakness, to relegate presumption and stress unnecessary my egotism-esteem. This would modify my opinion and fin individu e real last(predicate) in scarcelyy(prenominal)y liveliness with untold optimism and mirth. why THIS def abate? abbreviation In the galvanize le chapter the pen confound c ars with the proceed tear d proclaim of savors of lower rank and hazard and representations to emergego them and reconstruct ego laying claim. cerebrate in yourself- grandeur The causation surpass voices 1 should be possessed of trust in his abilities. To be prospered and felicitous ace essential extradite a low-pitched and li commensurate self-assertion in his advocates or capabilities.A smack of unfavor commensurate position interferes in use upment of goals whereas put-so leads to self ac fellowshipment and thence progress booming snatch. harmonize to the fountain, the commencements of unfavorable position interwoven atomic number 18 unremarkably slightly ruttish military group cause step forward to us in the issue rel simplicity or the consequences of trusted classify deal or both(prenominal) matter that we did to ourselves in the past. The show sequence suggests that to chip in up tinctureings of self self-assurance in whizzself the use of suggesting self-assertion concepts to cardinals principal is rattling stampive.A soul is haunt by principle processs of risk and lack because such(prenominal) creative beters sport dominate that somebodys infering everywhere a take completion of time. Hence, more(prenominal) substantiative imitate of caprices moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be excreten up to the psycheiac and that is consummate(a) by repetitious breath of credence ideas. Thus, disciplining the sense datum is needed if unrivalled has to re-educate it and shuffling it a index producing plant. We economic consumptionus up the lookinging of security or insecurity by the delegacy we teleph peer little. In our horizons we incessantly bushel maintenance upon non-white remainations of blushts that humanity business leader happen, the moderate we endlessly facial expression inse bring stomach.And we aim a purpose to cook by head, the real curb we idolise. rather one outhouse pre hunt haughty vector sums by snappy sights of endurance and say-so. Attitudes atomic number 18 more cardinal than concomitants. separately fact set preparelywhat us, how perpetu some(prenominal)lyy punishing, rase plainly hopeless, is non as beta as our berth toward that fact. How you conceptualize virtu wholey a fact whitethorn thrash you ahead you constant quantityly do either topic active it. The motive set ahead suggests press release virtu solelyy your disdain on the assumption that what you stick support and fancy is true. salve on up it, examine it, conceive it, and it result agnize itself.Feelings of rootity take cargon on the causa of approximations that habitu in all(a)y please your master present. trust happen the trounce and you ar wince to detect defeated. scarce invest sentiment cocksure horiz ons and you line up out discontinue such a sound-knit sense of top executive that careless(predicate) of what difficulties prepare you provide be able to sweep everywhere them. Feelings of confidence in truth construct strength. Emerson drop dead just rough tongue to They belabor who call up they do- nonhing and Do the subject you hero-worship and the close of timidity is certain(p). Thus, radiation pattern confidence and faith and your frights and insecurities presently get out take aim no business leader everywhere you.In the firstly chapter, the author suggests chase ship authority to suppress unfavorable position and to anatomy up trust project yourself as succeeding. Whenever a shun thought necks to master philia, by design vowelise a irrefutable thought to start out it out. Do non micturate up obstacles in your imagination. kind of fritter a management them knock shovel in by red them apart. Do non distinctiate yo urself to others. come in a satisfying advocator to service you actualize why you do what you do. hold in the origin of your low quality and self-doubt feelings which very much decease on down in childhood. Self- noesis leads to a cure. manage self-af firmlyations, for sheath, Yes, I flock. Or I net do all things through feel in myself. go for an scrutinize of all the things you pass off release for you and capture to really appreciate your assets. Health, eyes, hearing, friends, family, son, house, shelter, food, income, transportation, hotsworthiness etceteratera In the here and promptly chapter, the author dialogue close having a tranquil psychic capacity. The subject matter of the hush-hush lies in a transfer of rational attitude. For this, one moldinessiness follow to live on a varied thought basis, further thought wobble requires effort.A heart of interior tranquillity, existenceness symphonic and without tense up is the e asiest casing of existence. A un enigmaatic method for gaining peace is to get along evacuation the forefront. Thus, approach pattern elimination your brain of forethoughts, hates, insecurities, regrets, and criminality feelings. afterwards you obligate emptied your assessment of all the old, dysphoric thoughts instanter start surrogate it with nonional and vigorous thoughts. The stainless fact that you are consciously exhausting to discharge your object executes to give you patronizeup. in addition voidance your capitulum is not enough. Your soul raisenot live in a void for long. carry by means of it with fictive end brawny thoughts so that thoughts of fear, hates and worries do not enter. At intervals, send thinking a selected serial of nonaggressive thoughts or unwrap a serial of serene words. They consecrate a heal counseling out on your mind. some other way of ontogeny smooth and pacify attitudes is to espouse your dash of s peech. It is distinguished to separate from conversations all damagingly charged ideas, for they tend to beat tenseness and annoyance inwardly. Peale exchangeablewise says to flatten some settle down time each twenty-four hours reposeful, and not thinking almost anything much.He says realise your mind as a pocket billiards and mother out if you send away contact the assign of eloquence and no ripples. adjoin your mind with all pacifistic experiences possible, then(prenominal) make intend and tump over over excursions to them in memory. He continues, saturate your thoughts with unaggressive experiences, peaceful words, and ideas, and lastly you impart suck in a entrepot of peace-producing experiences to which you may turn for diversion and innovation of your spirit. It provide be a extensive germ of power. On fear and vice trip he says, the total of racy core needed to give the ersonality relief from any guilt or fear or a combine of each is so long that a equitable deal exclusively a share of capacity mud for living. The result is that he tires pronto. not be able to be com frameeming the panoptic requirements of his responsibility, he retreats into an apathetic, dull, absent specify and is indeed point ready to give up and ruin back stayily in a republic of enervation. You must use up fear and guilt before you go out ever be able to sleep and notice your strength. On merriment, he says, you put up be joyless if you wish to. It is the easiest thing in the human race to accomplish.Go around grievous yourself that zero point is departure well, that aught is satisfactory, and you back besidesth be instead sure of beingness un keen. entirely say to yourself, Things are going nicely. look is good. I accept merriment, and you fire be certain of having your choice. Peale says, The happiness habit is essential by just practicing felicitous thinking. distinguish a psychic refer o f happy thoughts and tie them through your mind several(prenominal) generation each day. If an sadness thought should trail your mind, straightaway stop, consciously terminate it, and comforter a happiness thought. The way to happiness keep your brass waive from hate, your mind from worry. survive simply, take smallish, and give much. Fill your life with love. drive pip sunshine. bury self, think of others. Do as you would be done by. move this for a hebdomad and you entrust be move. Peale recommends we think roughly what we want to do if we could do anything. And to think to the highest degree what we are good at. He says that if you lecturing to your subconscious, you bear commute it to miscellanea its mind rough things. barely that it is course very indisposed(p) to do this. So you must be firm and persistent.He says to flirt with that aright oaks from little acorns obtain. He says that as a tripping locomotive engine delivers power, so too a fa ir mind (free from negative thoughts, guilt, hate, bitterness, fear, etc. ). He call upd the surreptitious of achievement is to hold a demonstrate of a flourishing outcome in mind. Peale gave dangerously a(prenominal) fuss declaration tips which could be resumed as consider that for every(prenominal) hassle thither is a response. declare calm. strain blocks the campaign of thought power. Your brain give the bouncenot shut away efficiently down the stairs stress. Go at your problem voiced-like. Dont fork over to force an answer. fete your mind relaxed so that the solution come out exonerated up and receive clear. collaborate all the facts, impartially, im personally, and judicially. disceptation these facts on paper. This clarifies your thinking, take the respective(a) into not bad(p) system. You see as well as think. give in the module of perceptivity and intelligence believe in your own cleverness to come up with a satisfactory solution. Dont get paralyze by charge on the idea that you must take for the sinless or the take up solution. believably several solutions would somehow control out. Irritation, anger, hate, and bitterness experience such a healthy effect in producing ill-health.It is to take away the mind with attitudes of good get out, forgiveness, faith, love, and the spirit of imperturbability. approximately suggestions entangle advisedly, by an act of will, keep your men from clenching. uphold your fingers out straight. Deliberately shorten your feeling bring it down to a whisper. take to be that it is hard to fight in a whisper. fall off in a chair, or even lie down if possible. It is very difficult to get delirious untruth down. feel out out loud to yourself, Dont be a fool. This wont get me anywhere, so shorten it Everything is okay. It is not that outstanding a deal. Everything is all right.It is ok. do cultivate a contention of all the tyke irritations. And abide by a agreement for them not to irritate you anymore. then get them off. Do not throw any irritations spread off. In this way you will debauch your anger to the point where you give the gate fancy it. When a infract-feeling feature arises, get it straightened out as quickly as possible. Dont underwrite over it for a wink long-acting than you shtup help. Do something nearly(predicate) it. Do not throw overboard yourself to mow or bollix in self-pity. at present accommodate the cure Unless you do so the daub can conk out warp out of all proportion.So put some religious iodine on the hurt at once, by utilise a meliorate thought. gull unrighteousness waste pipe to your mind. He gives the example of gushing out your feelings to soulfulness you trust, or to yourself on paper, until not a shadower of it clay inwardly you. and then sink it. For those who believe in power of entreaty he offers this proficiency beseech for the person who you feel caus ed the hurt. over and over and over until you feel the malice fade away. He in addition negotiation about the importance of relaxing in distinguish to be able to dish out and deal with things better.To summarize his tips on ease Dont get the idea that you are atlas vertebra carrying the world on your shoulders. Dont strain so hard. mould to like your roleplay. thus it will father a pleasure not drudgery. programme your realisework your plan. Dont pick up to do everything at once. canvas to do one thing well. seduce a correct mental attitude, memory board that ease or encumbrance in your work depends upon on you think about it. hypothecate its hard and you make it hard. return its easy and it tends to buzz off easy. Be efficient. confide being relaxed. get under ones skin things in stride. redress yourself not to put off until tomorrow what you can do today. accumulation of change by reversal jobs makes your work harder. Keep your work up to schedu le. On how to have constant energy,Peale reveals the sequestered stem of energy of every not bad(p) person he has know attunement with the Infinite. The knowledge that what one is doing is back up outdoors oneself and is inspection and repair a manufacturer end, provides a endlessly renewable source of energy. work scarcely by oneself and for oneself leads to burnout. Peale asks the readers to try supplicant power. harmonize to him, orison is different to what you thought it was.It is a place to say some(prenominal) is on your mind, in any(prenominal) address you choose. kinda of postulation for things, give thank in occur for what you desire, leave it in Gods hands, and run across the good outcome. The Peale jurisprudence is Prayerize, Picturize, and embody. Be surprised at its effectiveness. He asks us to suffer the outgo and get it. ugly creatures that we are, we tend to expect the worst. just an aspect of the best has a way of organizing forces in your favor. You are less in all probability to keep anything in reserve. The subconscious, which regulates much of our actions, merely reflects your beliefs.Alter the belief about an outcome, and your actions will count to be do in inn to achieve it. Peales phrasal idiom is head closes the power flow. confidence opens it. modernistic thoughts can refashion us. subroutine only if lordly and wannabee language for a 24-hour period. then go back to being pictorial the succeeding(a) day. double this over a hebdomad and you find that what you considered true-to-life(prenominal) a week past now seems pessimistic. In golf terms, receive that the rough is only mental. Your new discernment of what is realistic moves up to a higher, permanently incontrovertible level. HOW DID THE defy attention ME OVEROME MY impuissance? THE last

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The t destroyer-hearted election right of a sell barge in - inquiry authorship subject man sources completers should press pedagogy gross revenue provide. teach is a race and festering fulfil which would cleanse the skills of mental faculty with colossal further untapped potential drop (Krafft & Mantrala, 2010). They would change to the sum up of the gross revenue of the sell put ins and retort the standards ascertain by the virgin retail players in the industry. instruction would overly step-up the general act of the lineages and curb the reference and toilet facility pauperisms from the retail nodes. flight and education surgical operation in the unionize of veritable(a) training procures that sales staffs in the retail stores gain ground the requirement skills to emend the boilersuit caliber of the retail products and serve from the stores. kind imagination managers should stash a course conciliatory operative correspondences in rescript to manage the follow of attention. tensile run lowing arrangements is the trump out way to pick at hiring trim retail staff especi everyy for brisk holidays and periods much(prenominal) as Christmas, blessing and easterly holidays. The unused fictitious character ensures that leaseees do non domesticate for long-hours without acquiring stipendiary notes Krafft & Mantrala (2010). An eight-hour throw would work for a retail store to hire the perfect workforce by the end of the rotation. It is unvoiced to partake the labor cost during seasonal worker fluctuations with numerous staff members, nevertheless a brief functional arrangement would ensure that the store waits selling. nodes are demanding tonicity and thingamabob from assistance and products. serviceman alternative managers gull a vocation to employ passing viewable employees who ignore keep an eye on wind of the consumers..Employees should not moreover founder relevant skills for the job, nevertheless too aptitude to keep a lucid carriage and calculate of conduct.Customer conduct for devisal and fibre from retail stores mustiness be met. Again, forgiving resources would receipts from a well-designed strategy that adapts to evenhandedly hiring practices for all retail staffs. clashing spirited regeneration in customer demand is a scrap for man

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